Detection ofBorrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by reverse line blot in the joints of Dutch patients with Lyme arthritis

Heijden, I. M. Van Der; Wilbrink, Bert; Rijpkema, S.G.T.; Schouls, Leo M.; Heymans, Peter H. M.; Embden, J. D. A. Van; Breedveld, Ferdinand C.; Tak, Paul P.

doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199907)42:7<1473::aid-anr22>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Generally, B. afzelii is a rodent specialist, B. garinii and B. valaisiana are associated with birds, and B. lusitaniae is associated with lizards (7,16,22,32). The clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis in humans differ depending on the Borrelia species; B. garinii is associated with neurological diseases, while B. burgdorferi and B. afzelii are more likely to cause arthritis and cutaneous symptoms, respectively (2,4,5,36).…”

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Differential Role of Passerine Birds in Distribution of Borrelia Spirochetes, Based on Data from Ticks Collected from Birds during the Postbreeding Migration Period in Central Europe

Dubská

Literák

Kocianová

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

110

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Borrelia spirochetes in bird-feeding ticks were studied in the Czech Republic. During the postbreeding period (July to September 2005), 1,080 passerine birds infested by 2,240 Ixodes ricinus subadult ticks were examined. Borrelia garinii was detected in 22.2% of the ticks, Borrelia valaisiana was detected in 12.8% of the ticks, Borrelia afzelii was detected in 1.6% of the ticks, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto was detected in 0.3% of the ticks. After analysis of infections in which the blood meal volume and the stage of the ticks were considered, we concluded that Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula), song thrushes (Turdus philomelos), and great tits (Parus major) are capable of transmitting B. garinii; that juvenile blackbirds and song thrushes are prominent reservoirs for B. garinii spirochetes; that some other passerine birds investigated play minor roles in transmitting B. garinii; and that the presence B. afzelii in ticks results from infection in a former stage. Thus, while B. garinii transmission is associated with only a few passerine bird species, these birds have the potential to distribute millions of Lyme disease spirochetes between urban areas.Lyme borreliosis, the most frequent tick-borne human disease in the northern hemisphere, is a multisystemic disorder caused by spirochetes belonging to the genus Borrelia (12). At least seven Borrelia species have been obtained from the tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Europe: B. afzelii, B. bissettii, B. burgdorferi, B. garinii, B. lusitaniae, B. spielmanii, and B. valaisiana (30,33). Various reservoir hosts seem to harbor different Borrelia species, which is explained by differential properties of the hosts' complement systems (17). Generally, B. afzelii is a rodent specialist, B. garinii and B. valaisiana are associated with birds, and B. lusitaniae is associated with lizards (7,16,22,32). The clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis in humans differ depending on the Borrelia species; B. garinii is associated with neurological diseases, while B. burgdorferi and B. afzelii are more likely to cause arthritis and cutaneous symptoms, respectively (2, 4, 5, 36).Ixodid ticks may attach to a host for 24 to 48 h, which is sufficient time for some birds to travel hundreds of kilometers along migration routes before ticks complete their feeding and drop off (31). The role of migratory birds in distributing Lyme disease spirochetes to new areas has been established in North America (25,28,37).Recently, it has become clear that the bird host competency for maintaining and transmitting Borrelia spirochetes is different in different bird species. Pheasants in the United Kingdom (15, 16) and blackbirds and song thrushes in Central Europe (13, 35) have been shown to be important reservoirs of B. garinii and B. valaisiana. However, little is known about the other migrating passerine bird species with respect to their competence as Lyme disease reservoirs and transmission abilities.Here we characterized tick infestation in migratory passerine bird species ...

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Differential Role of Passerine Birds in Distribution of Borrelia Spirochetes, Based on Data from Ticks Collected from Birds during the Postbreeding Migration Period in Central Europe

Dubská

Literák

Kocianová

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

110

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“…Different studies have presented indirect evidence for the association of B. garinii with predominantly neurological symptoms (5), while infections by B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and B. afzelii tend to lead to arthritic symptoms (29) and cutaneous manifestations (3), respectively. New rapid and sensitive methods are therefore required for differentiating the three pathogenic Borrelia species to test the strengths of these associations.…”

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Distribution of Clinically RelevantBorreliaGenospecies in Ticks Assessed by a Novel, Single-Run, Real-Time PCR

et al. 2002

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A LightCycler-based PCR protocol was developed which targets the ospA gene for the identification and quantification of the different Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in culture and in ticks, based on the use of a fluorescently labeled probe (HybProbe) and an internally labeled primer. The detection limit of the PCR was 1 to 10 spirochetes. A melting temperature determined from the melting curve of the amplified product immediately after thermal cycling allowed the differentiation of the three different B. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afzelii) that are clinically relevant in Europe in a single PCR run. This method represents a simplified approach to study the association of different Borrelia species in ticks, the risk of Lyme borreliosis, and the putatively species-specific clinical sequelae. To determine the reliability of the real-time PCR protocol, we studied the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato infection in Ixodes ricinus ticks. A total of 1,055 ticks were collected by flagging vegetation in five different sites in the region of Konstanz (south Germany) and were examined for the distribution of B. burgdorferi species by real-time PCR. The mean infection rate was 35%. Of 548 adult ticks, 40% were positive, and of 507 nymphs, 30% were positive. The predominant genospecies (with 18% mixed infections) in the examined areas was B. afzelii (53%), followed by B. garinii (18%) and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (11%); 0.8% of the infecting Borrelia could not be identified. (24) and the United States (25)-is a complex multisystem disorder caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, a group of genetically diverse spirochetes. The principal vectors of these spirochetes are ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes (2). Lyme borreliosis (LB)-the most common arthropod-borne infection in EuropeThe development of an erythema migrans rash at the site of the tick bite often characterizes the onset of LB. If left untreated, the infection can persist for years and may result in a range of clinical symptoms, which vary depending on the duration of the infection and the organs affected.Isolates of B. burgdorferi sensu lato can be classified into different genomic species (1, 11). Only one of them, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, has been implicated as the cause of disease in North America, but in Europe three genospecies, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, are known to be pathogenic, and still others, such as Borrelia valaisiana and Borrelia lusitaniae, have been identified but are of unknown pathogenicity (7). Coinfections by two or more genomic groups of B. burgdorferi sensu lato have been found in ticks (13,14) and patients with LB (5).There is strong evidence that different species are involved in distinct clinical manifestations of the disease (28). Different studies have presented indirect evidence for the association of B. garinii with predominantly neurological symptoms (5), while infections by B. burgdorferi sensu ...

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“…Based on ospA sequence variation analysis, it has previously been reported that in Europe B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains causing Lyme arthritis are very heterogeneous with no prevalence of certain genospecies (6,18). In contrast, more recently published studies demonstrated a preponderance of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto DNA in joint samples from Lyme arthritis patients (7,17).…”

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Rapid Typing of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species in Specimens from Patients with Different Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis

et al. 2001

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To further investigate the pathogenic potential of different Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies, specimens from 27 patients with different manifestations of Lyme borreliosis were analyzed by PCR and reverse line blotting (RLB). In samples from Lyme arthritis patients, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto was predominantly identified, while in patients with neuroborreliosis or acrodermatitis, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii, respectively, were exclusively detected. The results demonstrate that PCR-RLB is a valuable tool for epidemiological and pathogenetic studies of Lyme borreliosis.

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Detection ofBorrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by reverse line blot in the joints of Dutch patients with Lyme arthritis

Cited by 37 publications

References 45 publications

Differential Role of Passerine Birds in Distribution of Borrelia Spirochetes, Based on Data from Ticks Collected from Birds during the Postbreeding Migration Period in Central Europe

Differential Role of Passerine Birds in Distribution of Borrelia Spirochetes, Based on Data from Ticks Collected from Birds during the Postbreeding Migration Period in Central Europe

Distribution of Clinically RelevantBorreliaGenospecies in Ticks Assessed by a Novel, Single-Run, Real-Time PCR

Rapid Typing of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species in Specimens from Patients with Different Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis

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