Detection, quantification and modelling of small-scale lateral translocation of throughfall in tree crowns of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Frischbier, Nico; Wagner, Sven

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.034

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Additionally, higher branch inclination increases throughfall, which is consistent with the results of Bassette and Bussiere [4], as birch tree branches are oriented towards the sky, while pine tree branches lean towards the ground (Table 1). Due to downwards branch inclination, intercepted rainfall may laterally translocate towards the canopy edge [51], which may lead to the occurrence of drip points where throughfall exceeds 100% [14,52,53]. However, the lateral translocation of the captured rain seems not to have had a significant influence on throughfall under the pine trees in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Influence of Raindrop Size Distribution on Throughfall Dynamics under Pine and Birch Trees at the Rainfall Event Level

Zabret¹,

Rakovec²,

Mikoš³

2017

Atmosphere

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Abstract:Part of precipitation is intercepted by forest canopies, while the rest reaches the ground as throughfall or stemflow. This process is influenced by various meteorological variables, of which we have mainly focused on drop diameter and velocity. Rainfall in the open and throughfall under birch and pine trees have both been measured since 2014 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The results demonstrate that the total throughfall during 3.5 years was 73% and 53% of rainfall under birch and pine trees, respectively. During the 236 analysed events, the median volume diameter was 1.8 mm (±1.7 mm), and kinetic energy between 0.01 mJ/cm 2 and 23.3 mJ/cm 2 was recorded. We closely analysed the effect of rainfall microstructure on throughfall under pine and birch trees during three specific rainfall events. The increase in drop diameter and fall velocity during a rainfall event instantaneously increased throughfall under pine trees between 25% and 47%, whereas no such changes were observed under birch trees. This may be the consequence of different tree properties of the two species. Additionally, in the case of a saturated canopy, throughfall under pine trees exceeded rainfall in the open after an onset of larger and faster drops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Influence of Raindrop Size Distribution on Throughfall Dynamics under Pine and Birch Trees at the Rainfall Event Level

Zabret¹,

Rakovec²,

Mikoš³

2017

Atmosphere

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“…The study site is located in the Tharandt Forest in Saxony, Germany, at an elevation of 360 m a.s.l. at 50 • 59 N and 13 • 30 E. The climate at these low mountainous elevations is typically moist (800 mm total annual precipitation) with a mean annual temperature of 7.2 • C. A squared study site (0.75 ha) was established within a 111-year-old single-storey mixed stand of European beech and Norway spruce in 2006 ( Figure 1) [39]. The mixed stand had not been managed for at least 10 years.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beech trees at the study site showed a significant linear correlation of crown radius and diameter at breast height (D) (with a slope of the linear relationship of 10.8 and an intercept of 0, R 2 = 0.55, p < 0.0001). For further information see [39]. Table 1.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on tree species, bark properties, and branch angel; the amount and spatial patterns of lateral flow must be determined using direct or indirect measurement methods (e.g., stemflow or LIDAR observations). In such cases, the additional mathematical consideration of lateral flow is mandatory, but was not included in previous studies [35,36,[38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Scale Rainfall Partitioning in a European Beech Forest Ecosystem Reveals Heterogeneity of Leaf Area Index and Its Connectivity to Hydro-and Atmosphere

et al. 2019

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(1) Background: Leaf area index (LAI) is an essential structural property of plant canopies and is functionally related to fluxes of energy, water, carbon, and light in ecosystems; coupling the biosphere to the geo-, hydro-, and atmosphere. There is an increasing need for more accurate and traceable measurements among several spatial scales of investigation and modelling. We hypothesize that the spatial variability of LAI at the scale of crown sections of a single European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) tree in a highly structured, mixed European beech-Norway spruce stand can be determined by simultaneous records of precipitation; (2) Methods: Spatially explicit measurements of throughfall were conducted repeatedly below beech and in forest gaps for rain events in leafed and in leafless periods. Subsequent analysis with a new regression approach resulted in estimating leaf and twig water storage capacities (SCleaf/twig) at point level independent of within-crown lateral flow mechanisms. Inverse modelling was used to estimate spatial litterfall (n = 99) distribution and litter production (mass, area, numbers) for single trees, as a function of diameter at breast height; (3) Results: As revealed by a linear mixed-effects model, SCleaf at the center of a beech canopies amounts to 4.9 mm in average and significantly decreases in the direction of the crown edges to an average value of 1.1 mm. Based on diameter-sensitive prediction of litter production, specific leaf area wetting capacity amounts to 0.260 l·m−2. A linear within-canopy dynamic of LAI was found with a mean of 17.6 m2·m−2 in the center and 4.0 m2·m−2 at the edges; and (4) Conclusions: The application of the method provided plausible results and can be extended to further throughfall datasets and tree species. Unravelling the causes and magnitude of spatial- and temporal heterogeneity of forest ecosystem properties contribute to overall progress in geosciences by improving the understanding how the biosphere relates to the hydro- and atmosphere.

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“…Therefore, we accept the hypothesis that even single birch trees in spruce stands can modify topsoil properties. It must be stated in relation to this, however, that our results could have been influenced by factors such as the anisotropy in the distribution of birch litter [32] caused by the main wind direction (south-west, Figure 1), the small-scale variability of throughfall and corresponding differences with respect to water supply (e.g., [72]), the fine root dynamics (e.g., [73]) or the diversity of radiation in the stand and the related differences in soil temperature and light availability for the ground vegetation [32]. These factors influence the variance of data and might lead to less significant differences between the strata.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties in a Mixed Stand of Spruce and Birch in the Ore Mountains (Germany)—A Case Study

Schua

Wende

Wagner

et al. 2015

Forests

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A major argument for incorporating deciduous tree species in coniferous forest stands is their role in the amelioration and stabilisation of biogeochemical cycles. Current forest management strategies in central Europe aim to increase the area of mixed stands. In order to formulate statements about the ecological effects of mixtures, studies at the stand level are necessary. In a mixed stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) KARST.) and silver birch (Betula pendula ROTH) in the Ore Mountains (Saxony, Germany), the effects of these two tree species on chemical and microbial parameters in the topsoil were studied at one site in the form of a case study. Samples were taken from the O layer and A horizon in areas of the stand influenced by either birch, spruce or a mixture of birch and spruce. The microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, pH-value and the C and N contents and stocks were analysed in the horizons Of, Oh and A. Significantly higher contents of microbial N were observed in the Of and Oh horizons in the birch and in the spruce-birch strata than in the stratum containing only spruce. The same was found with respect to pH-values in the Of horizon and basal respiration in the Oh horizon. Compared to the spruce stratum, in the birch and spruce-birch strata, significantly lower values were found OPEN ACCESSForests 2015, 6 1950 for the contents of organic C and total N in the A horizon. The findings of the case study indicated that single birch trees have significant effects on the chemical and microbial topsoil properties in spruce-dominated stands. Therefore, the admixture of birch in spruce stands may distinctly affect nutrient cycling and may also be relevant for soil carbon sequestration. Further studies of these functional aspects are recommended.

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Detection, quantification and modelling of small-scale lateral translocation of throughfall in tree crowns of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Cited by 24 publications

References 60 publications

Influence of Raindrop Size Distribution on Throughfall Dynamics under Pine and Birch Trees at the Rainfall Event Level

Influence of Raindrop Size Distribution on Throughfall Dynamics under Pine and Birch Trees at the Rainfall Event Level

Small Scale Rainfall Partitioning in a European Beech Forest Ecosystem Reveals Heterogeneity of Leaf Area Index and Its Connectivity to Hydro-and Atmosphere

Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties in a Mixed Stand of Spruce and Birch in the Ore Mountains (Germany)—A Case Study

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