Detection, Ribotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Properties of Clostridium difficile Strains Isolated From The Cases of Diarrhea

Kouzegaran, Samaneh; Ganjifard, Mahmood; Tanha, Amir Saber

doi:10.5455/msm.2016.28.324-328

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In Iran, few studies were performed on the PCR-ribotyping of CDI, and it is not possible to compare our results with previously published data due to incoherence or the absence of molecular typing methods (6). A recent study conducted on 400 pediatric stool specimens in Iran reported a high prevalence for R27 (14.28%), R1 (10.71%), R12 (7.14%), R13 (7.14%), and R18 (7.14%) (21). In another study in Iran, Khoshdel et al (2015) (22) reported that the most commonly detected RTs in the C. difficile isolates of pediatrics were RT027 (11.52%), RT01 (9.61%), and RT013 (7.68%).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Molecular typing of Clostridioides difficile isolates from clinical and non‐clinical samples in Iran

Kouhsari

Douraghi

Yaseri

et al. 2019

APMIS

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Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients throughout the world. We aimed to characterize C. difficile isolates among hospitalized patients, hospital staffs, and hospital environment samples obtained in three tertiary care hospitals of Iran with regard to their molecular types between June 2016 and November 2017. The toxigenicity of C. difficile isolates was determined by toxigenic culture and multiplex‐PCR. Toxigenic C. difficile isolates collected were ribotyped using capillary gel electrophoresis‐based PCR and the database of WEBRIBO (http://webribo.ages.at). Of 500 clinical and non‐clinical samples, toxigenic C. difficile were identified in 35 of 250 stool samples (14%) and in 3 of 250 swabs (1.2%). The most frequently found ribotypes (RTs) were 039, AI‐12, and AI‐21 (15.8, 10.52, and 10.52% of all isolates, respectively). Further RTs were: 017, 001, AI‐3, AI‐15, AI‐18, AI‐10, AI‐4, and PR21195 (as new ribotype). The epidemic RTs (027 and 078) seen in the Europe, North America, and Asia were completely absent in this study.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Molecular typing of Clostridioides difficile isolates from clinical and non‐clinical samples in Iran

Kouhsari

Douraghi

Yaseri

et al. 2019

APMIS

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“…Increasing age >65 is another known risk factor associated with CDI, accounting for the majority of diarrheal cases in residential facilities 22–26. In the United States alone, near half a million cases have been reported with 29,000 fatalities attributed to CDI 27.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Recent advances in the treatment of <em>C. difficile</em> using biotherapeutic agents</p>

Giau

Lee

et al. 2019

IDR

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Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is rapidly becoming one of the most prevalent health care–associated bacterial infections in the developed world. The emergence of new, more virulent strains has led to greater morbidity and resistance to standard therapies. The bacterium is readily transmitted between people where it can asymptomatically colonize the gut environment, and clinical manifestations ranging from frequent watery diarrhea to toxic megacolon can arise depending on the age of the individual or their state of gut dysbiosis. Several inexpensive approaches are shown to be effective against virulent C. difficile in research settings such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transfer and immunotherapies. This review aims to highlight the current advantages and limitations of the aforementioned approaches with an emphasis on recent studies.

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“…The articles which fulfill eligibility criteria for this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Seven studies from Iran [12,[38][39][40][41][42][43]; two studies in China [44,45]; one study in the United States [46]; one study in European Union (EU) [47]; one study in Poland [48]; one study in Scotland [49]; one study in South Korea [50] and lastly one study in Thailand [51]. All of these studies were done by cross-sectional study design and conducted among hospitalized diarrheal patients (Table 1).…”

Section: Selection and Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Clostridium difficile among hospitalized diarrheal patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea that develops in patients after hospitalization during antibiotic administration. It has also become a big issue in community-acquired diarrhea. The emergence of hypervirulent strains of C. difficile poses a major problem in hospital-associated diarrhea outbreaks and it is difficult to treat. The antimicrobial resistance in C. difficile has worsened due to the inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics including cephalosporins, clindamycin, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones together with the emergence of hypervirulent strains. Objective To estimate the pooled prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of C. difficile derived from hospitalized diarrheal patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed to review published studies conducted. We searched bibliographic databases from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for studies on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility testing on C. difficile. The weighted pooled prevalence and resistance for each antimicrobial agent was calculated using a random-effects model. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Results A total of 15 studies were included. Ten articles for prevalence study and 5 additional studies for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. difficile were included. A total of 1967/7852 (25%) C. difficile were isolated from 10 included studies for prevalence study. The overall weighted pooled proportion (WPP) of C. difficile was 30% (95% CI: 10.0–49.0; p<0.001). The analysis showed substantial heterogeneity among studies (Cochran’s test = 7038.73, I2 = 99.87%; p<0.001). The weighed pooled antimicrobial resistance (WPR) were: vancomycin 3%(95% CI: 1.0–4.0, p<0.001); metronidazole 5%(95% CI: 3.0–7.0, p<0.001); clindamycin 61%(95% CI: 52.0–69.0, p<0.001); moxifloxacin 42%(95% CI: 29–54, p<0.001); tetracycline 35%(95% CI: 22–49, p<0.001); erythromycin 61%(95% CI: 48–75, p<0.001) and ciprofloxacin 64%(95% CI: 48–80; p< 0.001) using the random effect model. Conclusions A higher weighted pooled prevalence of C. difficile was observed. It needs a great deal of attention to decrease the prevailing prevalence. The resistance of C. difficile to metronidazole and vancomycin was low compared to other drugs used to treat C. difficile infection. Periodic antimicrobial resistance monitoring is vital for appropriate therapy of C. difficile infection.

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Detection, Ribotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Properties of Clostridium difficile Strains Isolated From The Cases of Diarrhea

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular typing of Clostridioides difficile isolates from clinical and non‐clinical samples in Iran

Molecular typing of Clostridioides difficile isolates from clinical and non‐clinical samples in Iran

<p>Recent advances in the treatment of <em>C. difficile</em> using biotherapeutic agents</p>

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Clostridium difficile among hospitalized diarrheal patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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