DETEKSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI Austropuccinia psidii PADA MYRTACEAE DI YOGYAKARTAINDONESIA

Abstract

Austropuccinia psidii is a pathogenic fungus that causes rust in the Myrtaceae plant. The extensive plantation of the host of this fungus has increased the attack of fungal pathogen, therefore, will increase the threat tothe presence of Myrtaceae species around the globe including in Indonesia. This present study was aiming to detect and identify the presence of this pathogen by morphologicaland molecular observation. Morphological observationrevealed the presence of A. psidii urediniospores onsalam (Syzygium polyanthum) andkayuputih (Melaleuca cajuputi)leaves collected from the arboretum of the Indonesian Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement (CFBTI), and the presence of teliospores on young Syzygium leaves. PCR amplification using specific primers of Ppsi1 / Ppsi6 succeeded in detecting the presence of A. psidii fungi Melaleuca and Syzygium showed by DNA amplicon length around 500bp. Efforts to obtain ITS DNA sequences to compare the molecular characteristics of fungi from two different hosts have been carried out, however, the sequencing electropherogram was unreadable, so the comparison can not be performed. This study reported that A. psidii is currently present in Myrtaceae species in Yogyakarta, therefore precaution efforts should be conducted to avoid economic and ecological impact from this pathogen.

Genetic variation of Austropuccinia psidii in some species of Myrtaceae as host plants in Java, Indonesia based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers

“…This study indicates that M. cajuputi is one of the most susceptible hosts compared to S. polyanthum and S. myrtifolium. A study by Prihatini et al (2020) showed that diseased M. cajuputi comprises shoot death and severe infection on the branch and older leaves. Currently, there is no report on the economic loss caused by myrtle rust in Indonesia, but in New Zealand, this pathogen is predicted to cause real GDP to fall by between $144 million and $411 million relative to baseline by 2030 (NZIER 2017).…”

“…This rust also threatens many native and endemic Myrtaceae species in Australia, such as Rhodamnia rubescens, Rhodomyrtus psidioides, Eucalyptus amplifolia, Kunzea parvifolia, Austromyrtus inophloia, and other 370 or more native plants (Winzer et al 2019). This rust has been reported to infect some Myrtaceae species in Indonesia, such as E. grandis x E. pellita, M. leucadendra in the north and south Sumatra (McTaggart et al 2016), as well as S. polyanthum, and M. cajuputi in Yogyakarta, Java (Prihatini et al 2020). Pegg et al (2017) stated that A. psidii infects young organs of plants, such as young flowers, fruits, and leaves.…”