Detergency mechanisms and cellulosic surfaces: A review

Hubbe, Martin A.; Szlek, Dorota B.; Vera, Ramon E.

doi:10.15376/biores.17.4.hubbe

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 256 publications

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“…Based on the HLD and detergency results, excellent detergency is found at HLD = 0. Moreover, good detergency can be also observed at HLD <0 as summarized in Table 1 because the snap‐off is generally responsible for soil removal allowing the surfactant to detach the soil from the substrate and remain in the wash solution (Hubbe et al, 2022). This mechanism occurs when surfactant form normal micelles corresponding to HLD ≤0.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Detergency Using Hldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Implementing the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation model when formulating detergents and other surfactant‐related applications

Phaodee

Weston

2023

J Surfact & Detergents

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When designing surfactant formulations using ionic and nonionic surfactants, the hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) is a generalized surfactant characterization parameter that has shown to be useful when designing surfactant formulations, in the case of both ionic and nonionic surfactants (Davies' and Griffin's methods). Microemulsion phase behavior studies have been extensively used to optimize surfactant formulations, but these studies can cover a very wide phase space and can often encounter troublesome non‐equilibrium issues such as coacervation. Detailed phase behavior studies can be time‐consuming and difficult to apply beyond the specific surfactant‐oil system studied. The hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) provides a method to help expedite surfactant formulation research by reducing the number of phase behavior studies required to optimize a given formulation. Detergency experiments have indicated that there is an optimal range of HLD for a given fabric surface. This appears to apply to other applications, as well, for example, surfactant formulations used in enhanced oil recovery have been optimized using the HLD method. These studies found that the HLD can reflect total oil recovery, even if the surfactants were derived from different alcohol feedstocks (e.g., HLD of 0 would describe optimum conditions regardless the type of surfactant). Also with additional parameterization, the HLD method can also be applied to non‐ideal surfactant mixtures, specifically ionic/nonionic blends. Overall, the HLD framework has shown to be an effective screening tool for a wide range of surfactant‐related applications when appropriate experiments, assumptions, and understanding of surfactant and oil interactions are used to generate the HLD parameters.

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Section: Evaluation Of Detergency Using Hldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Implementing the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation model when formulating detergents and other surfactant‐related applications

Phaodee

Weston

2023

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…In aqueous phase, these surfactants dissolve completely or with the aid of other chemical species at very low concentrations but above a certain limit called the critical micelle concentration (CMC) to form micelles (see Figure 2). The mechanism allows for detergency, which helps in cleaning processes [4]. The micelles formed vary in size and shape depending on the number of aggregation (N).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Development and Application of Eco-Benign Surfactants

Obi,

N. Mgbemena

2024

Surfactants - Fundamental Concepts and Emerging Perspectives

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The development of eco-benign surfactants is the foundation of ingredients utilized in the pharmaceutical, laundry, household, and personal-care cleaning products. The types of surfactants, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic, properties, toxicity, and thermodynamic feasibilities, are reviewed. The properties, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), Kraft temperature, critical packing parameter (CPP), and foaming form the basis of solubility of these surfactants in reaction mixtures. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is the fundamental concentration at which micelle formation is observed or noticed. It helps in the thermodynamic evaluation of surfactant activities in reaction mixtures. However, the Kraft temperature, which is also referred to as the melting point of micelles, is the foundation of the solubility of surfactants. The Kraft temperature is the point of intersection between the critical micelle concentration and solubility curves. The application of eco-benign surfactants is a developing trend in pharmaceutical, laundry, households, personal care, and remediation processes.

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“…The mechanism of the functional action of surfactants during autoclave leaching is assumed to be implemented through a series of sequential colloid-chemical processes similar to those of the washing scheme, 16 namely: wetting → adsorption → dispersion/emulsification → stabilization. A simplified general scheme of the process is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Phenomena with the Participation of Sulfite Lignin under Pressure Leaching of Sulfide Materials

Lugovitskaya

Rogozhnikov

2023

Langmuir

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Searching for surfactants which can eliminate the occluding effect of molten elemental sulfur formed in the process of leaching sulfide ores under pressure (autoclave leaching) is relevant. However, the choice and use of surfactants are complicated by the harsh conditions of the autoclave process, as well as the insufficient knowledge of surface phenomena in their presence. This paper presents a comprehensive study of interfacial phenomena (adsorption, wetting, and dispersion) involving surfactants (using lignosulfonates as an example) and zinc sulfide/concentrate/elemental sulfur under conditions simulating sulfuric acid leaching of ores under pressure. The influence of concentration (C LS 0.1−1.28 g/dm 3 ), features of the molecular weight (M̅ w , 9.250−46.300 Da) composition of lignosulfates, temperature (10−80 °C), addition of sulfuric acid (CH 2 SO 4 0.2−10.0 g/dm 3 ), and properties of solid-phase objects (surface charge, specific surface area, presence and diameter of pores) on surface phenomena at the liquid−gas and liquid−solid interfaces was revealed. It was found that with an increase in molecular weight and a decrease in the degree of sulfonation, the surface activity of lignosulfonates at the liquid−gas interface, as well as their wetting and dispersing activity with respect to zinc sulfide/concentrate increases. It has been found that an increase in temperature contributes to the compaction of the macromolecule of lignosulfonates, as a result of which their adsorption at the liquid−gas and liquid−solid interface in neutral media rises. It has been shown that the introduction of sulfuric acid into aqueous solutions increases the wetting, adsorption, and dispersing activity of lignosulfonates with respect to zinc sulfide. The latter is accompanied by a decrease in the contact angle θ (by 10 and 40°) and an increase in both the specific number of zinc sulfide particles (not less than 1.3−1.8 times) and the content of fractions with a size of −3.5 μm. It has been established that the functional effect of lignosulfonates under conditions simulating sulfuric acid autoclave leaching of ores is implemented through the adsorption−wedging mechanism.

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Detergency mechanisms and cellulosic surfaces: A review

Cited by 9 publications

References 256 publications

Review: Implementing the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation model when formulating detergents and other surfactant‐related applications

Review: Implementing the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation model when formulating detergents and other surfactant‐related applications

Review on Development and Application of Eco-Benign Surfactants

Surface Phenomena with the Participation of Sulfite Lignin under Pressure Leaching of Sulfide Materials

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