Deterioration of Concrete: Application of Stable Isotopes

Mittermayr, Florian; Klammer, Dietmar; Höllen, Daniel; Köhler, Stephan Jürgen; Böttcher, Michael E.; Leis, Albrecht; Dietzel, Martin

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27682-8_52

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Secondary formation of sulphate minerals such as thaumasite (Ca 3 Si(OH) 6 (CO 3 )(SO 4 )·12H 2 O), ettringite (Ca 6 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (OH) 12 ·26H 2 O) and gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) can result in softening, cracking, spalling and complete disintegration of the concrete. Numerous studies display the challenge to decipher the causes of sulphate attack on concrete [1][2][3][4][5]. Besides changing the material characteristics, sulphate attack on concrete has strong economic consequences, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete under sulphate attack: an isotope study on sulphur sources

Mittermayr

Bauer

Klammer

et al. 2012

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies

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The formation of secondary sulphate minerals such as thaumasite, ettringite and gypsum is a process causing severe damage to concrete constructions. A major key to understand the complex reactions, involving concrete deterioration is to decipher the cause of its appearance, including the sources of the involved elements. In the present study, sulphate attack on the concrete of two Austrian tunnels is investigated. The distribution of stable sulphur isotopes is successfully applied to decipher the source(s) of sulphur in the deteriorating sulphate-bearing minerals. Interestingly, δ(34)S values of sulphate in local groundwater and in the deteriorating minerals are mostly in the range from+14 to+27 ‰. These δ(34)S values match the isotope patterns of regional Permian and Triassic marine evaporites. Soot relicts from steam- and diesel-driven trains found in one of the tunnels show δ(34)S values from-3 to+5 ‰, and are therefore assumed to be of minor importance for sulphate attack on the concretes. In areas of pyrite-containing sedimentary rocks, the δ(34)S values of sulphate from damaged concrete range between-1 and+11 ‰. The latter range reflects the impact of sulphide oxidation on local groundwater sulphate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete under sulphate attack: an isotope study on sulphur sources

Mittermayr

Bauer

Klammer

et al. 2012

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies

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“…This could indicate a carbonatation process occurring through the dissolution of other phases in the polymer and the reprecipitation of MgCO 3 . As noticed previously, a possible dissolution of dolomite CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 , due to the alkalinity of the solution, is occurring, even for immersion in deionized water, and the susceptibility of dolomite to the alkaline solution was suggested in the literature [48].…”

Section: Aging Effect In Deionized Watermentioning

confidence: 64%

“…previously, a possible dissolution of dolomite CaMg(CO3)2, due to the alkalinity of the solution, is occurring, even for immersion in deionized water, and the susceptibility of dolomite to the alkaline solution was suggested in the literature [48].…”

Section: Aging Effect Of Alkaline Solution At Different Phmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects and Consequences of an Alkali-Induced Cathodic Environment on Coating Aging

Pélissier,

Diler,

Dossot

et al. 2023

Coatings

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The use of organic coatings in conjunction with cathodic protection (CP) for buried structures is the usual method for protecting steel against corrosion. When the organic coating loses its protective ability, regardless of the reason, the CP becomes the active protection, leading to a specific local environment. This environment can be characterized by high alkalinity, which can be detrimental for the coated structure, either by weakening the steel–coating interface or by the chemical aging of the coating. Thus, the coating must be compatible with CP and able to sustain aging under an alkaline environment. In this study, the susceptibility to alkaline aging and its consequences in regards to coating performance have been investigated for two commercial coatings used for buried structures—fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) and liquid epoxy (LE)—in free membrane and coated steel configurations. The results showed a clear impact of alkaline aging on the studied LE, leading to a significant reduction in coating resistance and ultimately, failure of the steel–coating interface, whereas the studied FBE remained stable. The presented results relate to a precise formulation of LE and FBE; however, the proposed chemical method appears to be relevant and shows the necessity of considering such specific aging results for coating specifications and improvements.

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“…Considering the dramatic increase of univalent cations compared to the local ground water and the rather conservative behavior of e.g. K + and Rb + suggests evaporation of water to be responsible for extreme SO 4 2 * concentrations of up to 30000 mg/1 (Mittermayr et al, 2011). Proof is gained from analyses of JFH and 8 18 O values of H 2 O molecules which display a strong enrichment of the heavy stable isotopes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete damage in underground structures

Mittermayr¹,

Klammer²,

Höllen³

et al. 2012

Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting III

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In this paper we present an overview about our findings concerning the damage o f under ground concrete structures. Case studies were performed in Austrian highway and railroad tunnels and associated structures for drainage and ventilation. In several cases severe damage o f the concrete was found owing to sulphate attack, alkali aggregate reactions, leaching and drainage clogging. The focus of this study is to demonstrate by some selected examples how to decipher the causes and reaction mecha nisms o f damaging reactions. Thus besides conventional mineralogical and hydro-geochemical methods we apply stable isotope and trace element signals within multi proxy approaches. For instance stable iso tope results indicate that SO 4 2and CO 3 2 " from local ground water are mostly responsible for thaumasite formation. More detailed knowledge on individual reactions responsible for concrete damage in under ground structures will help to find specific counter measures for already affected buildings and to develop proper concrete recipes, applications and constructive measures for future projects.

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Deterioration of Concrete: Application of Stable Isotopes

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Concrete under sulphate attack: an isotope study on sulphur sources

Concrete under sulphate attack: an isotope study on sulphur sources

Effects and Consequences of an Alkali-Induced Cathodic Environment on Coating Aging

Concrete damage in underground structures

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