Deterioration of raw materials and cosmetic products by preservative resistant microorganisms

Flores, María Elena Serrano; Morillo, Medina; Crespo, M.L.

doi:10.1016/s0964-8305(97)00037-1

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The main species found were S. aureus (in 19.2% of the samples) and P. aeruginosa (in 12.8% of cases) . The bacteria S. aureus and S. epidermids were also isolated from eyeliner samples . Therefore, it can be concluded that these microorganisms, when present, may become highly pathogenic, compromising the ocular surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Investigation on the use of expired make‐up and microbiological contamination of mascaras

Giacomel

Dartora

Dienfethaeler

et al. 2013

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Investigation on the use of expired make‐up and microbiological contamination of mascaras

Giacomel

Dartora

Dienfethaeler

et al. 2013

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…A number of isolates of Bacillus spp. were recovered from cosmetic products tested in Spain , but none of these was B. cereus .…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus cereus in personal care products: risk to consumers

Pitt¹,

McClure

Parker

et al. 2015

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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SynopsisBacillus cereus is ubiquitous in nature and thus occurs naturally in a wide range of raw materials and foodstuffs. B. cereus spores are resistant to desiccation and heat and able to survive dry storage and cooking. Vegetative cells produce several toxins which on ingestion in sufficient numbers can cause vomiting and/or diarrhoea depending on the toxins produced. Gastrointestinal disease is commonly associated with reheated or inadequately cooked foods. In addition to being a rare cause of several acute infections (e.g. pneumonia and septicaemia), B. cereus can also cause localized infection of post-surgical or trauma wounds and is a rare but significant pathogen of the eye where it may result in severe endophthalmitis often leading to loss of vision. Key risk factors in such cases are trauma to the eye and retained contaminated intraocular foreign bodies. In addition, rare cases of B. cereus-associated keratitis (inflammation of the cornea) have been linked to contact lens use. Bacillus cereus is therefore a microbial contaminant that could adversely affect product safety of cosmetic and facial toiletries and pose a threat to the user if other key risk factors are also present. The infective dose in the human eye is unknown, but as few as 100 cfu has been reported to initiate infection in a susceptible animal model. However, we are not aware of any reports in the literature of B. cereus infections in any body site linked with use of personal care products. Low levels of B. cereus spores may on occasion be present in near-eye cosmetics, and these products have been used by consumers for many years. In addition, exposure to B. cereus is more likely to occur through other routes (e.g. dustborne contamination) due to its ubiquity and resistance properties of spores. The organism has been recovered from the eyes of healthy individuals. Therefore, although there may be a perceived hazard, the risk of severe eye infections as a consequence of exposure through contaminated near-eye cosmetics is judged to be vanishingly small. It is unlikely that more stringent microbiological standards for near-eye cosmetics will have any impact on the risk of severe eye infections caused by B. cereus, as these are not linked to use of personal care products.R esum e Bacillus cereus est une bact erie largement r epandue dans la nature et est pr esente naturellement dans une grande vari et e de mati eres premi eres et de produits alimentaires. Les spores de B. cereus sont r esistantes aux op erations de d eshydratation et de chauffage et sont capables de survivre au stockage a sec et a la cuisson. Les cellules v eg etatives produisent plusieurs toxines qui peuvent provoquer des vomissements et/ou des diarrh ees (selon la nature des toxines produites) lorsque elles sont ing er ees en quantit e suffisante. Les maladies gastro-intestinales sont couramment associ ees avec des aliments r echauff es ou cuits de mani ere inad equate. En plus d'être une cause rare de plusieurs infections aigu€ es (comme la pneumonie ou la septic emie), ...

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“…Flores et al (42) investigated 42 different cosmetic products for contamination and found several species, many of them being resistant to parabens. P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter gergovia isolated from a cosmetic production plant showed increased resistance against parabens and formaldehyde‐releasing preservatives (43).…”

Section: Microbial Contamination Of Cosmetic Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination versus preservation of cosmetics: a review on legislation, usage, infections, and contact allergy

et al. 2009

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Cosmetics with high water content are at a risk of being contaminated by micro-organisms that can alter the composition of the product or pose a health risk to the consumer. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently found in contaminated cosmetics. In order to avoid contamination of cosmetics, the manufacturers add preservatives to their products. In the EU and the USA, cosmetics are under legislation and all preservatives must be safety evaluated by committees. There are several different preservatives available but the cosmetic market is dominated by a few preservatives: parabens, formaldehyde, formaldehyde releasers, and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone.Allergy to preservatives is one of the main reasons for contact eczema caused by cosmetics. Concentration of the same preservative in similar products varies greatly, and this may indicate that some cosmetic products are over preserved. As development and elicitation of contact allergy is dose dependent, over preservation of cosmetics potentially leads to increased incidences of contact allergy. Very few studies have investigated the antimicrobial efficiency of preservatives in cosmetics, but the results indicate that efficient preservation is obtainable with concentrations well below the maximum allowed.

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Deterioration of raw materials and cosmetic products by preservative resistant microorganisms

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Investigation on the use of expired make‐up and microbiological contamination of mascaras

Investigation on the use of expired make‐up and microbiological contamination of mascaras

Bacillus cereus in personal care products: risk to consumers

Contamination versus preservation of cosmetics: a review on legislation, usage, infections, and contact allergy

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