Determinación del potencial nematicida y nematostático in vitro de Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) sobre larvas J2 de Globodera pallida (Stone)

Abstract

Globodera pallida genera pérdidas de hasta el 30 % en el rendimiento cultivo de papa en el Ecuador. El control químico de la plaga supone riesgos de toxicidad al suelo y para el agricultor. En este estudio se determinó el potencial nematicida y nematostático in vitro del micelio en agar agua y del filtrado del caldo de cultivo de Pleurotus ostreatus en medio Sabouraud sobre larvas J2 de G. pallida. En el efecto del micelio se observó un mayor porcentaje de nemátodos inmóviles (34 %) a las 24 horas de exposición, y el efecto nematicida más efectivo a las 72 horas, con una mortalidad del 80,3 %. No existió relación entre el porcentaje de J2 inmóviles, el tiempo de exposición y la concentración del filtrado en la actividad nematostática; sin embargo, el tratamiento con 100 % de concentrado y 8 h de exposición, dio como resultado un mayor porcentaje de nemátodos inmóviles (65,2 %). El efecto nematicida del filtrado a una concentración del 100 % y 24 horas de exposición, fue la más efectiva, con una tasa de mortalidad de larvas del 41,6 %. El micelio y el filtrado de P. ostreatus presentaron actividad nematostática y nematicida in vitro frente a larvas de G. pallida.

Influence of a natural colorant powder from Syzygium Cumini L. (Skeels) on sensory and physicochemical properties during storage of a heat-treated flavored fermented milk

“…This diluted hydroalcoholic extract determined the extraction yields of total polyphenols and anthocyanins and pH (Mod. Basic 20, Crison, España) 12 . Both yields (%) were calculated as the ratio between the contents of the extract and the pulp.…”

“…In addition, the concentrated extract was determined by its density using a capillary tube pycnometer, 13 soluble solids in an Abbe refractometer with temperature correction, and total solids with a thermogravimetric balance (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany) until constant mass at 105 ºC. 12 Maltodextrin DE 12 was added to 50 mL of the concentrated extract for a final total solids content of 25% (w/v). Drying was carried out in a spray dryer, Mod.…”

“…Once this process was finished, samples were cooled until 42 ºC and the powdered colorant was added and homogenized under hygienic conditions at a rate of 1.5 and 2 g per 100 mL of whole milk powder dissolved in the amount of water followed by sucrose and 0.016% (v/v) strawberry flavor concentrate (Esencias Levapan® Fresa, Ecuador). They were then inoculated with 2% (w/v) yogurt starter culture (YC280, 2x10 12 CFU/mL). During fermentation (42 ºC), the pH was measured at 30-minute intervals until reaching values around 4.5 to 4.7.…”

Ameliorative Effect of Cinnamon and Rosemary Oils in Acrylamide–Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats

“…The levels of certain enzymes in blood and liver tissue homogenates were determined to evaluate the drug's safety. The plasma activities of AST, ALT, and ALP were measured using specialized kits and the methods outlined by Reitman & Frankel 12 for ALT and ALT and by Haussament 13 for ALP, following the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Other biochemical parameters such as total protein, albumin, T.G.s, HDL cholesterol, and LDL were also measured using specific spectrophotometric methods 13 .…”

Effect of Five Concentrations of Aqueous Extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus P. Kumm and Tagetes minuta L. on the Mortality of Two Nematodes in a Laboratory Setting

“…One of these alternatives is the use of plant extracts 9,10,11 , which are characterized by their biological origin, biodegradability, and minimal negative impact on human health and the environment. These extracts have shown the ability to act through their metabolites and exhibit nematicidal 12,13,14 , insecticidal, acaricidal, or herbicidal activity. In this research, we worked with aqueous extracts of Tagetes minuta and Pleurotus ostreatus.…”