We study Le Potier's strange duality conjecture on a rational surface. We focus on the strange duality map SD c r n ,L which involves the moduli space of rank r sheaves with trivial first Chern class and second Chern class n, and the moduli space of 1-dimensional sheaves with determinant L and Euler characteristic 0. We show there is an exact sequence relating the map SD c r r ,L to SD c r−1 r ,L and SD c r r ,L⊗KX for all r ≥ 1 under some conditions on X and L which applies to a large number of cases on P 2 or Hirzebruch surfaces . Also on P 2 we show that for any r > 0, SD c r r ,dH is an isomorphism for d = 1, 2, injective for d = 3 and moreover SD c 3 3 ,rH and SD c 2 3 ,rH are injective. At the end we prove that the map SD c 2 n ,L (n ≥ 2) is an isomorphism for X = P 2 or Fano rational ruled surfaces and g L = 3, and hence so is SD c 3 3 ,L as a corollary of our main result.