Determinant of child obesity in COVID-19 pandemic and analysis of intervention requirement

Abstract

The shift in diet and physical activity in modern society has resulted in obesity becoming a public health problem. This problem will be a burden to the state if it is not addressed early on. This study aims to examine and find models of obesity determinants based on consumption, physical activity, lifestyle, social and environmental factors. The sample was randomly selected for elementary school children in the city of Denpasar. The collected data were analyzed by using a structural equation model. Of the 375 elementary school children in the city of Denpasar, it is known that 35.5% are overweight, even one-third of them have entered the obesity stage. Consumption factors have the dominant contribution in increasing the risk of obesity. In the next order, other factors emerged: social factors; lifestyle; physical activity; followed by environmental factors. As a follow-up plan from the results of this study, a Digital-Based Nutrition Care Process for Obese Children will be designed which can later be disseminated on all mass line platforms as an intervention plan. Although the application is designed to be disseminated through the mass line platform, the role of the teacher is still needed to monitor the progress of this program.

Get vaccinated when it is your turn and follow the local guidelines

“…Doing self-hypnosis with positive self-talk can significantly reduce the stress levels of the COVID-19 prevention workgroup (Candra et al, 2021). Suiraoka et al (2021), completed the anthropometric examinations of 375 primary school children. It is known that 35.5% are overweight and 12.3% are obese.…”

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on obesity and its risk factors: a systematic review

“…Out of included forty studies, 16 were classified as good quality [ 26 , 27 , 33 – 38 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 54 , 58 , 59 ] while twenty-four were also classified as satisfied [ 21 – 25 , 28 – 31 , 39 – 44 , 47 , 50 – 53 , 55 – 57 , 60 ]. Twenty-four articles were done on the adult population [ 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 28 – 30 , 36 , 38 , 42 – 44 , 46 , 48 – 50 , 55 , 57 – 59 ], five articles were done only adolescents [ 31 , 39 , 41 , 47 , 60 ], three research articles were also done on children [ 34 , 53 , 54 ], and finally, eight articles were done on both children and adolescents [ 21 , 24 , 27 , 33 , 37 , 45 , 52 , 56 ] as shown in Table 1 .…”

“…The most common determinants identified were physical inactivity [ 21 – 23 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 34 , 37 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 52 , 56 , 57 , 60 ], increasing sedentary [ 21 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 37 ], and eating unhealthy foods [ 25 , 36 , 38 , 43 , 46 , 50 , 57 ]. In addition, the age of participants, feeling hungry, overeating, eating low-quality or unbalanced diet, sweet beverages, snacks, excess salty foods, drinking soda, binge eating, and less water consumption, we have one additional paper on household food insecurity, gender, ethnic minority, educational status, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, stress, and low mood during the pandemic, Internet or social media addiction, long screening time, long sitting hours, and substance abuse were found to be associated with COVID-19 lockdown on obesity.…”

“…This finding is associated with weight gain and obesity during the quarantine period. Of the 40 studies included in this review, 17 identified physical inactivity as a risk factor for weight gain during the lockdown [ 21 – 23 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 34 , 37 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 52 , 56 , 57 , 60 ]. In contrast, five articles reported that active to vigorous physical activities decreased obesity/weight gain during pandemics [ 28 , 29 , 41 , 49 , 51 ].…”

“…The sample size ranged from 37 in Egypt [20] to 5,315,435 in South Korea [21]. The geographical distribution of the included articles was one in Belgium [22]], one in Brazil [23], one in Canada [24], one in Chile [25], five in China [26][27][28][29][30], three in the Czech Republic [31][32][33], one in Egypt [20], one in Indonesia [34], one in Israel [35], five in Italy [36][37][38][39][40], one in Jordan [41], one in Lebanon [42], one in Lithuanian [43], One in Morocco [44], one in the Netherlands [45], one in Saudi Arabia [46], four in South Korea [21,[47][48][49] three in Spain [50][51][52], one in Sri Lanka [53], three Turkey [54][55][56], one in the UK [57], and finally, three were conducted in the USA [58,59]. Quality was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale [19].…”