Determinant of Effective Family Communication among First-Grade High School Adolescents Aged 15 - 16 Years: A Multi-Centre Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Family communication can become a support system for adolescents. Ineffective communication in the family causes emotional problems and poor psychological well-being in adolescents. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the determinant factor of effective family communication in adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional multi-centre design with 357 participants aged 15-16 from fve high schools in Indonesia. We used the convenience sampling method to select participants. Communication in the family questionnaire, Rosenberg Self Esteem Instrument, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) questionnaires were used to measure communication within the family, selfesteem, stress, anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation, respectively. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and binary logistics regression. Results: Most of the adolescents were male (52.1%), had harmonious families (96.6%), had economic status above the minimum wage (65.5%), had high self-esteem (88.5%), and had high social support (67.8%). However, in terms of mental health problems, as many as 47.3%, 74.2%, 72%, and 30.5% of adolescents experienced stress, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation, respectively. The multivariate analysis concluded that gender (AOR: 0.499; 95% CI: 0.294-0.847) and socioeconomic status (AOR: 0.2.162; 95% CI: 1.296–3.608) were signifcantly correlated with family communication. Conclusion: Males adolescents are more likely to have ineffective family communication than female adolescents. Also, adolescents with a family socioeconomic status below the minimum wage have a greater risk of ineffective family communication. Therefore, it is essential to improve family communication through assertive communication training in adolescents and families in the educational and community setting.

The Effect of 4 Pillars of Health Education on Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Stable blood sugar level influenced by interest and motivation patient himself to remain maintain pressure his blood stable 23,24 , educators who provide health education and duration education given 25 , as well discipline patient to comply education 17,21 .…”

“…Stable blood sugar level influenced by interest and motivation patient himself to remain maintain pressure his blood stable 23,24 .…”