Determinanten traditionell-sexistischer Einstellungen in Deutschland – eine Analyse mit Allbus-Daten

Abstract

Zusammenfassung:In der bundesrepublik verfügt nach wie vor ein relevanter Teil der männ-lichen wie weiblichen bevölkerung über traditionell-sexistische Rollenvorstellungen. um ein besseres Verständnis in die Mechanismen ihrer entwicklung zu bekommen, untersucht der vorliegende beitrag Ausmaß und bestimmungsgründe von geschlechtsrollenvorstellungen. dazu werden unter Verwendung der AllbuS 2008-daten Strukturgleichungsmodelle berechnet, die eine differenzierung zwischen direkten und indirekten einflussfaktoren erlauben. es zeigt sich, dass für sexistische einstellungen sowohl effekte der Sozialisation als auch einflüsse der Situation von bedeutung sind. Zu den insgesamt wichtigsten determinanten gehören bei beiden geschlechtern: (mangelnde) bildung, westdeutsche herkunft, geburt vor 1949, antiegalitäre Werthaltungen sowie, als bislang nicht untersuchte erklärungsgröße, anomische empfindungen. Zwei effekte sind überraschenderweise ausschließlich beim männlichen Teil der bevölkerung zu beobachten: Mütterliche nicht-berufstätigkeit sowie das gefühl ökonomischer deprivation führt nur bei Män-nern zu verstärkt traditionell-sexistischen Rollenvorstellungen. Aus diesen befunden ergeben sich Ansatzpunkte für eine Reduktion sexistischer geschlechtsrollenorientierungen. Prevalence and determinants of traditional sexist attitudes in Germany-an analysis based on Allbus dataAbstract: Traditional sexism is still often present in germans of both genders. To elucidate the mechanism of its development the paper is seeking for determinants of gender roles. based on the AllbuS 2008 data set structural equation models were calculated to separate direct from indirect factors. both, socialization as well as the situation, play a role in development of traditional sexism. The following determinants where found as most relevant in both genders: (insufficient) education, origin from the western part of germany, birth earlier than 1949, anti-egalitarian values and, a factor previously not investigated, anomia. Surprisingly two other determinants of sexism were only seen in men: not working mother and the feeling of economic deprivation. These results provide starting points to reduce sexist attitudes in the future.

The intricate geographies of gender ideologies in Germany

“…It extends existing studies on gender ideologies in Germany that emphasize only the East/West schism (Adler and Brayfield, 1997;Trappe and Sørensen, 2006;Lee et al, 2007;Bauernschuster and Rainer, 2012;Mays, 2012) to analyze the influence of an assumed rural ideology, which is also efficacious for gender role attitudes. The database of the study is the German General Social Survey 2008 (Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften ALLBUS 1 ), which is a representative sample of the adult German population (GESIS, 2011).…”

“…The 40-year separation into one capitalist and one socialist state is reflected in different wage-work policies, particularly those concerning women during this time; the male breadwinner model was preferred in the former Federal Republic of Germany (FRG,) and the working woman model was preferred in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). This divide is mirrored in diverging gender role attitudes in both parts of Germany and often replicated in empirical studies (e.g., Lück, 2006;Lee et al, 2007;Mays, 2012). Such work clearly ''show[s] that East Germans are significantly more likely to hold egalitarian sex-role attitudes than West Germans'' (Bauernschuster and Rainer, 2012, p. 5).…”

“…First, the egalitarian state-led wage-work policy in the former GDR, with a higher labor force participation rate of women, led to more egalitarian gender role expectations than in the former FRG. Second, the secularization of the former GDR de-ideologized gender roles in respect of religion (Mays, 2012), which was more influential in the former FRG.…”

“…The regional differentiation of gender role attitudes in present-day Germany between more liberal attitudes in the eastern federal states and more conservative in the western federal states (Mays, 2012) is a consequence of different wage-work policies. However, regional differentiations of gender role attitudes present themselves in the literature as competing underlying ideologies that express themselves in urban/rural or, especially in the USA, in North/South distinctions.…”

“…For Germany, it can be assumed that the relationship is reverse due to the remnants of the previously different wage-work policies in both parts (Adler and Brayfield, 1997). Thus, regional differences between eastern and western federal states seem to be stronger than urban/rural differences in gender ideologies (Bauernschuster and Rainer, 2012;Mays, 2012).…”