Determinantes do Desempenho no ENEM na Região Nordeste: Uma Análise de Dados em Painel do Período de 2015 a 2019

Abstract

O objetivo do trabalho é avaliar como o desempenho dos candidatos do ENEM, na Região Nordeste do Brasil, é influenciado pelos diversos fatores ligados às características sociais e econômicas em que estão inseridos no período de 2015 a 2019. Para isso, foram coletadas informações do INEP referentes ao ENEM que possibilitaram estimar modelos de dados em painel. Os resultados foram condizentes com a literatura econômica e mostraram que principalmente a escolaridade dos pais, o tipo de escola e a disposição de ferramentas, como o celular e o computador, e acesso à internet são fatores determinantes para os candidatos situados na Região Nordeste aumentarem sua média do ENEM. Por outro lado, fatores como a idade do candidato e se ele pertence à classe econômica de baixa renda podem reduzir suas médias no ENEM.

The rainbow reality: income difference and discrimination based on sexual orientation and occupations

“…Three observations on remuneration can be made (Table 3). Firstly, for both years, homosexual workers exhibited monetary advantages in comparison to heterosexual workers (Souza and Besarria, 2018; Suliano et al. , 2021).…”

“…Most homosexuals used to live in urban and metropolitan areas and the Southeastern macro-region (Table 2). This may be associate the spatial distribution of the homosexual population with more tolerant, socially liberal and dynamic and economically developed regions (Ahmed et al ., 2013; Souza and Besarria, 2018).…”

“…The following profile was identified in the occupational distributions: (1) heterosexual women are PSAs and tend to work in customer service and commerce; (2) heterosexual men work in production and customer service and commerce; (3) homosexual women are PSAs and are employed in customer service and commerce (Souza and Besarria, 2018); (4) homosexual men are PSAs and have positions which involve customer service and commerce (Souza and Besarria, 2018). Hence, homosexual and heterosexual women, as well as homosexual men tend to occupy job positions that have a low level of complexity and require less education (customer service and commerce).…”

“…Secondly, in both years, heterosexual women received lower incomes (Suliano et al ., 2016, 2021; Souza and Besarria, 2018; Barbosa et al. , 2020), except for the 50th and 90th quantiles in 2019, when lesbian women earned lower incomes.…”

“…The unexplained effect can be generated by discrimination as a proxy for discrimination based on sexual orientation and also to other factors that are not observed (see Souza and Besarria, 2018; Barbosa et al. , 2020; Suliano et al.…”