Determinants and dynamics of food insecurity during COVID-19 in rural Bangladesh

Ahmed, Firoz; Islam, Asad; Pakrashi, Debayan; Rahman, Tabassum; Siddique, Abu

doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102066

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On the other hand, the high food price perception during the pandemic (55•6% participants reported an increase in the price of processed food in our study) may have limited the capacity to buy or access food during the pandemic. Loss of jobs (11,41) and increase in food prices (12) are some of the side effects of stay-at-home orders reported by other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Social predictors of food insecurity during the stay-at-home order due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Results from a cross-sectional web-based survey

Elorreaga

Cochachin-Henostroza

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Stay-at-home orders and social distancing have been implemented as the primary tool to reduce the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, this approach has indirectly caused, only in Lima- Peru, more than 2.3 million Peruvians to lose their jobs. As a result, the risk of food insecurity may have increased in affected low-income families, especially those that depend on daily income. This study estimates the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity (MSFI) and identifies the associated factors that explain this outcome during the stay-at-home order. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey, with the non-probability sample, was conducted between May 18 and June 30, 2020, during the stay-at-home order in Peru. We used social media advertisements on Facebook to reach 18-59 year-olds living in Peru. MSFI was assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Rasch model methodology requirements were considered, and factors associated with MSFI were selected using a stepwise forward selection. A Poisson generalized linear model (Poisson GLMs), with log link function, was employed to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR). Findings This analysis is based on 1846 replies. The prevalence of MSFI was 23.2%, and FIES proved to be an acceptable instrument with reliability 0.72 and infit 0.8-1.3. People more likely to experience MSFI were those with low income (less than 255 US$/month) in the pre-pandemic period (aPR 3.77; 95%CI, 1.98-7.16), those whose income was significantly reduced during the pandemic period (aPR 2.27; 95%CI, 1.55-3.31), and those whose savings ran out in less than 21 days (aPR 1.86; 95%CI, 1.43-2.42). Likewise, heads of households (aPR 1.20; 95%CI, 1.00-1.44) and those with relatives with probable SARS-CoV2 cases (aPR 1.29; 95%CI, 1.05-1.58) were at an increased risk of MSFI. Additionally, those who perceived losing weight during the pandemic (aPR 1.21; 95%CI, 1.01-1.45), and reported increases in processed foods prices (aPR 1.31; 95%CI, 1.08-1.59), and eating less minimally processed food (aPR 1.82; 95%CI, 1.48-2.24) were also more likely to experience MSFI. Interpretation People most at risk of MSFI were those in a critical economic situation before and during the pandemic period. It is necessary to reinforce social protection policies to prevent or mitigate these adverse effects. Funding None.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Social predictors of food insecurity during the stay-at-home order due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Results from a cross-sectional web-based survey

Elorreaga

Cochachin-Henostroza

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Households with low income (below the Jakarta/Depok minimum salary level) were 4 times more likely to experience food insecurity than households with higher income. Study in Bangladesh show that income loss was positively correlated with household food insecurity [33]. Family income directly affected family's purchasing power [34] and low family income tended to lead a less varied food [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban and semi-urban areas in Indonesia

Syafiq

Fikawati

Gemily

2022

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background One of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic was the weakening of the community's economic condition. The weak economy of the community will have an impact on household food security. This study aims to determine food security in the COVID-19 pandemic situation and the impact of the pandemic on food security in urban and semi-urban areas. Methods A cross-sectional study with a total sample of 517 people who live in urban (Jakarta) and semi-urban (Depok) areas. The research data was collected online and purposively through Posyandu cadres who have access to family/community. Food security was measured using HFIAS (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale) method, while impact of COVID-19 pandemic was categorized into two categories: impacted (reduced income and laid off) and less impacted (not reduced income and laid off). Data analysis used the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results There were 65.0% of households with various level of food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that family income during the COVID-19 pandemic (AOR = 4.2; CI = 2.7–6.7), the type of impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., reduced income and stopped working (AOR = 2.6; CI = 1.6–4.1), and the age of the respondent (AOR = 1.7; CI = 1.1–2.5) were significantly related to household food security during the pandemic after being controlled by husband's work status. Households with lower income had 4 times higher risk to experience food insecurity compared to those with higher income. Heavily impacted households (through reduced income and stopped working) had 3 times higher risk to experience food insecurity compared to those who did not. Additionally, we found that households with younger respondent (< 31 years old) had 2 times higher risk to experience food insecurity compared to those older counterparts. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic impacted household food security in both urban and semi-urban areas through worsening employment status and income condition.

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“…The data were collected between 14 April and 3 May 2020, three weeks after a lockdown was imposed. These households have very similar characteristics and are representative of rural household surveys by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics [72]. A subsample of households with female respondents was re-surveyed (wave 2) following three to four weeks the first survey to understand their mental health and monitor any changes in food security status as the lockdown continued.…”

Section: Study Design and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Food insecurity and mental health of women during COVID-19: Evidence from a developing country

2021

Self Cite

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Background This study examines the association between food insecurity and mental health of women during the COVID-19 pandemic in a resource poor setting. Materials and methods Data were collected at two time-points (wave 1 and 2) from 2402 women, one per household, participating in a larger study during extended COVID-19 lockdown in the rural areas of the southwest region of Bangladesh. The primary outcome of the analyses is the association between food insecurity, measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), and stress level, measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), for women during the lockdown. General awareness about COVID-19 and attitude towards prescribed preventive measures were also measured since COVID-19 health concerns could exacerbate food insecurity. Results An individual-level evaluation of the effect of wave 2 FIES score on PSS score showed that worsening of the food security status increasing the stress level of the participants (95% CI: 1.61; 2.13; p-value: <0.001). Additionally, a significant negative association was observed between the PSS score and change in food security status between the two waves (Coefficient: -1.15, 95% CI: -1.30; -0.99, p-value: <0.001), indicating that deterioration in food security status over the pandemic period increasing the stress level. At the village level, the results showed a similar pattern. General awareness around ways coronavirus spreads was high, yet there were misperceptions at a higher level. Maintaining hand hygiene, wearing face masks outside the home, and going outside only when necessary were widely practised. Fewer respondents could maintain a 1.5-metre distance from others in the outside and maintained cough and sneeze etiquette. Conclusion The results indicate a higher stress level, a potential contributor to poor mental health, as food insecurity deteriorated. Policy initiatives in ameliorating immediate food insecurity during crises, improving long-term wellbeing, and expanding the reach of mental health support are warranted.

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Determinants and dynamics of food insecurity during COVID-19 in rural Bangladesh

Cited by 66 publications

References 19 publications

Social predictors of food insecurity during the stay-at-home order due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Results from a cross-sectional web-based survey

Social predictors of food insecurity during the stay-at-home order due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Results from a cross-sectional web-based survey

Household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban and semi-urban areas in Indonesia

Food insecurity and mental health of women during COVID-19: Evidence from a developing country

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