Determinants, inequalities, and spatial patterns of diarrhea in the Peruvian under-five population: findings from nationally representative survey data

Hernández-Vasquéz, Akram; Vargas-Fernández, Rodrigo; Cayo, Efraín Y. Turpo

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170670

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Spatial analysis was conducted in accordance with the methodology outlined in a previous study [ 25 ]. The spatial autocorrelation analysis (Global Moran Index), Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), and Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Moran’s I) were performed using the ArcGIS Desktop version 10.5 geographic information system software (ESRI Inc., Redlands, CA, USA) [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency, inequalities and spatial distribution of oral health services utilization in Peruvian children under twelve years of age: a population-based comparative analysis of the years 2017 and 2021

Azañedo,

Hernández-Vásquez,

Visconti-Lopez

et al. 2023

BMC Oral Health

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Background Oral diseases pose a significant public health challenge among Peruvian children. However, oral health services utilization among them is marked by inequalities, which may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective was to compare the frequency, inequalities, determinants of inequality, and spatial distribution in oral health services utilization in Peruvian children under 12 years of age in 2017 and 2021. Methods Comparative secondary data analysis from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) for the years 2017 (38,787 minors) and 2021 (36,729 minors). Age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the change in oral health services utilization in the last 12 months between the years 2017 and 2021, stratifying by demographic and socioeconomic covariates. Inequality was assessed by decomposing the Erreygers Concentration Index (ECI) and calculating the percentage contribution to inequality of the independent variables. Spatial analysis was performed using spatial autocorrelation methods, Hot Spot Analysis, Cluster and Outlier analysis, Inverse Distance Weighting, ordinary Kriging, and Kulldorff analysis. Results The probability of Peruvian children under 12 years of age using oral health services in the last 12 months was reduced by 45% in 2021 compared to 2017. The ECI identified a significant reduction in oral health services utilization inequalities at the national level (Diff: -0.0963; p < 0.001). The main contributor to inequality was higher tutor education level (55.2% in 2017 and 82.7% in 2021). In the comparison of spatial distribution, there was a greater dispersion of the conglomerates in which the use of oral health services is concentrated in 2021. Conclusions The frequency of oral health services utilization in the Peruvian children under 12 years of age was halved between 2017 and 2021. This problem is transversal to the entire population at the demographic and socioeconomic level. The key factor contributing to inequalities in the utilization of oral health services was the higher educational attainment of caregivers or guardians. Despite the improvement observed in inequalities and spatial distribution of the concentration of oral health services utilization, it is necessary to keep monitoring these patterns to guide decision-making.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency, inequalities and spatial distribution of oral health services utilization in Peruvian children under twelve years of age: a population-based comparative analysis of the years 2017 and 2021

Azañedo,

Hernández-Vásquez,

Visconti-Lopez

et al. 2023

BMC Oral Health

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“…Se aplicó la prueba chi cuadrado para evaluar diferencias entre la variable de interés y las características evaluadas. En segundo lugar se realizó un análisis espacial siguiendo la metodología empleada en artículos anteriores 14 .…”

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Análisis espacial de la hipertensión arterial en adultos peruanos, 2022

Hernández-Vásquez,

Carrillo Morote,

Azurin Gonzales

et al. 2023

Arch Peru Cardiol Cir Cardiovasc

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Objetivo. Realizar un análisis espacial de la hipertensión arterial en la población adulta peruana, para identificar patrones geográficos con una mayor concentración de casos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis espacial utilizando datos de la encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar (ENDES) 2022. Se incluyó a una muestra de 29 422 adultos y se utilizó el índice global de Moran además del análisis de puntos calientes para evaluar la autocorrelación espacial y la concentración de casos. Resultados. La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial estandarizada por edad fue del 19,2%. Se observaron conglomerados con una alta concentración de hipertensión arterial en departamentos de la costa peruana como Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Ancash y Lima, así como en las regiones de la sierra norte. También se encontraron conglomerados en las regiones de Loreto y Madre de Dios en la selva peruana. Conclusiones. Este estudio reveló patrones geográficos de hipertensión arterial en el Perú, con una mayor concentración de casos en la costa peruana y algunas regiones de la sierra y selva. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de prevención y control de la enfermedad, especialmente en las áreas identificadas como conglomerados de alta prevalencia.

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Determinants of diarrheal disease in children undergoing complementary feeding in a low‐income urban setting in Kenya

Okeyo,

Nyang'echi,

Guyah

2024

Tropical Med Int Health

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify and characterise the determinants influencing the occurrence of diarrheal diseases in children aged 6–24 months undergoing complementary feeding within a low‐income urban community in Kenya.MethodsThis study followed a cross‐sectional design and recruited caregivers of children aged 6–24 months from 302 households. The dependent variable was the 2‐week diarrhoea prevalence among children, with independent variables including sociodemographic characteristics, child immunisation and feeding status, and water and sanitation facilities. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between independent variables and the occurrence of diarrheal diseases.ResultsThe majority of caregivers were female (n = 282, 93.4%), aged 25–34 years (n = 156, 51.7%), had attained secondary school education (n = 154, 51%), were unemployed (n = 162, 53.6%), and earned Ksh 10,000 (USD 100) or less. 296 (98%) indexed children were fully vaccinated against rotavirus. Most households used improved drinking water sources (n = 272, 90.1%). Most caregivers did not regularly wash their hands with soap and water (n = 225, 74.5%). The 2‐week diarrhoea prevalence among children was 34.1% (103/302), with 69.9% (72/103) of these cases seeking care at a healthcare facility. Logistic regression analysis revealed that children of caregivers earning Ksh 20,000 and below (aOR = 2.9[1.3–6.5], p = 0.01), and those from households using unimproved sanitation facilities (aOR = 1.9 [CI 1–3.4], p = 0.042), had significantly higher odds of having diarrhoea.ConclusionThe study found a high prevalence of diarrhoea in Kenyan children aged 6–24 months, with caregiver income and household sanitation facilities significantly impacting the occurrence of the disease. The study suggests integrated approaches, including education, income generation, hygiene, and improved nutrition, to address the burden of diarrheal disease.

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Determinants, inequalities, and spatial patterns of diarrhea in the Peruvian under-five population: findings from nationally representative survey data

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Frequency, inequalities and spatial distribution of oral health services utilization in Peruvian children under twelve years of age: a population-based comparative analysis of the years 2017 and 2021

Frequency, inequalities and spatial distribution of oral health services utilization in Peruvian children under twelve years of age: a population-based comparative analysis of the years 2017 and 2021

Análisis espacial de la hipertensión arterial en adultos peruanos, 2022

Determinants of diarrheal disease in children undergoing complementary feeding in a low‐income urban setting in Kenya

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