2016
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2167
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Determinants of acute mortality ofHippodamia convergens(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to ultra-low volume permethrin used for mosquito management

Abstract: There are relatively few experimental studies and risk assessments of the effects on non-target insects from ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticides used for management of adult mosquitoes. Therefore, we evaluated factors that may influence the ability of an insect to intercept the insecticide at the time of application by using Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in field bioassay experiments in 2011 and 2015. Treatment factors included different distances, two cage heights (ground-level and 1.5 m a… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…It should be noted that these experiments were conducted in a fairly uniform field without obstructions of vegetation or structures, and with insects held in cages. It is likely that the application of these products in a realistic environment that may include buildings, trees, and honey bees in hives will undoubtedly affect the uniformity of product application, hazard to bees, and the efficacy against mosquitoes (Peterson et al , 2016). Fortunately, because mosquito control occurs in the evening when bees are typically protected by the confines of the hive, and because of the rapid photodegradation of most mosquito control materials, the impacts of mosquito control operations on honey bee colonies is likely to be minimal when mosquito adulticides are properly applied.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It should be noted that these experiments were conducted in a fairly uniform field without obstructions of vegetation or structures, and with insects held in cages. It is likely that the application of these products in a realistic environment that may include buildings, trees, and honey bees in hives will undoubtedly affect the uniformity of product application, hazard to bees, and the efficacy against mosquitoes (Peterson et al , 2016). Fortunately, because mosquito control occurs in the evening when bees are typically protected by the confines of the hive, and because of the rapid photodegradation of most mosquito control materials, the impacts of mosquito control operations on honey bee colonies is likely to be minimal when mosquito adulticides are properly applied.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…No studies have directly examined the impact of various mosquito control methods on fireflies, which may be exposed as pyrethroid sprays are generally applied at dusk when fireflies are active. In field tests, caged ladybeetles (Harmonia convergens) exposed to direct contact with permethrin spray showed high acute mortality [65]. Methoprene, an insect growth regulator, is commonly applied to standing water to kill larval mosquitoes; although less harmful to non-target insects compared to other broad-spectrum insecticides, methoprene is toxic to some beetles [66].…”
Section: Collateral Damage: Insecticide Overusementioning
confidence: 99%