Determinants of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Ambon, Indonesia: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Research on the determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Indonesia is limited. Likewise, in Ambon, research on adverse birth outcomes has never been conducted, even though the incidence of adverse birth is quite high. In 2021, there were 22 stillbirths, 29 neonatal deaths, and 215 LBW. This article examines the determinants of adverse birth outcomes (PTB, LBW, first-minute birth asphyxia, and stillbirth) and identifies the main modifiable risk factors in Ambon. METHODA retrospective unmatched case-control study was used. This study was conducted in four public health centers (Puskesmas) and Integrated Services Post