Determinants of annual fluxes of CO2 and N2O in long-term no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in northern France

Oorts, Katrien; Merckx, Roel; Gréhan, Eric; Labreuche, Jérôme; Nicolardot, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002

Cited by 209 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This result is probably related to several aspects: the presence of easily decomposable soybean residues on the soil surface, higher WFPS values (Figure 1a), higher stocks of labile soil organic carbon (Campos, 2006) and higher microbial biomass in NT compared to CT, as reported previously at the same experimental site (Fabrizzi et al, 2008). The higher soil CO 2 -C flux under NT compared to CT, especially at sites under longstanding no-tillage systems, have been reported elsewhere (Yamulki & Jarvis, 2002;Campos, 2006;Liu et al, 2006;Oorts et al, 2007). This could be related to an improvement in soil quality and biomass input potential in the conservation system, compared to conventional systems (Amado et al, 2007).…”

Section: Soil Co 2 -C Fluxsupporting

confidence: 83%

Carbon dioxide efflux in a rhodic hapludox as affected by tillage systems in southern Brazil

Chávez

Amado

Bayer

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYAgricultural soils can act as a source or sink of atmospheric C, according to the soil management. This long-term experiment (22 years) was evaluated during 30 days in autumn, to quantify the effect of tillage systems (conventional tillage-CT and no-till-NT) on the soil CO 2 -C flux in a Rhodic Hapludox in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. A closed-dynamic system (Flux Chamber 6400-09, Licor) and a static system (alkali absorption) were used to measure soil CO 2 -C flux immediately after soybean harvest. Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured simultaneously with CO 2 -C flux, by Licor-6400 soil temperature probe and manual TDR, respectively. During the entire month, a CO 2 -C emission of less than 30 % of the C input through soybean crop residues was estimated. In the mean of a 30 day period, the CO 2 -C flux in NT soil was similar to CT, independent of the chamber type used for measurements. Differences in tillage systems with dynamic chamber were verified only in short term (daily evaluation), where NT had higher CO 2 -C flux than CT at the beginning of the evaluation period and lower flux at the end. The dynamic chamber was more efficient than the static chamber in capturing variations in CO 2 -C flux as a function of abiotic factors. In this chamber, the soil temperature and the water-filled pore space (WFPS), in the NT soil, explained 83 and 62 % of CO 2 -C flux, respectively. The Q 10 factor, which evaluates CO 2 -C flux dependence on soil temperature, was estimated as 3.93, suggesting a high sensitivity of the biological activity to changes in soil temperature during fall season. The CO 2 -C flux measured in a closed dynamic chamber was correlated with the static alkali adsorption chamber only in the NT system, although the values were underestimated in comparison to the other, particularly in the case of high flux values. At low soil temperature and WFPS conditions, soil tillage caused a limited increase in soil CO 2 -C flux.Index terms: no-till, greenhouse gases, soil temperature, soil moisture. RESUMO: EMISSÃO DE DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO ALTERADA POR SISTEMAS DE PREPARO NO SUL DO BRASILOs solos agrícolas podem atuar como dreno ou fonte de C atmosférico, dependendo do sistema de manejo adotado. Este estudo foi desenvolvido em experimento de longa duração (22 anos), durante o período de 30 dias do outono, com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto de sistemas de preparo de solo (preparo convencional-PC e plantio direto-PD) nas emissões de C-CO 2 de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, em Cruz Alta, RS. As emissões de C-CO 2 do solo foram avaliadas com câmaras dinâmica (Flux Chamber 6400-09, Licor) e estática (com captação em solução alcalina), imediatamente após a colheita da soja. A temperatura e a umidade do solo foram registradas, concomitantemente com as emissões de C-CO 2 , por meio de sensor de temperatura e TDR manual, respectivamente, integrantes do Licor-6400. Estimouse que, em 30 dias, uma quantidade equivalente a menos de 30 % do C aportado pelos resíduos de soj...

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Section: Soil Co 2 -C Fluxsupporting

confidence: 83%

Carbon dioxide efflux in a rhodic hapludox as affected by tillage systems in southern Brazil

Chávez

Amado

Bayer

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…Soil respiration is the result of complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors [8]. Excessive tillage, burning of crop residues, application of large amounts of fertilizers or changes in soil-air-water relation lead to higher CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere and reduction of soil carbon content [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Tillage Practices and Crop Type on Soil CO2 Emissions

2016

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Nonsustainable agricultural practices often lead to soil carbon loss and increased soil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions into the atmosphere. A research study was conducted on arable fields in central lowland Croatia to measure soil respiration, its seasonal variability, and its response to agricultural practices. Soil C-CO 2 emissions were measured with the in situ static chamber method during corn (Zea mays L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing seasons (2012 and 2013, n = 288) in a field experiment with six different tillage treatments. During corn and winter wheat growing season, average monthly soil C-CO 2 emissions ranged, respectively, from 6.2-33.6 and 22.1-36.2 kg ha´1 day´1, and were decreasing, respectively, from summer > spring > autumn and summer > autumn > spring. The same tillage treatments except for black fallow differed significantly between studied years (crops) regarding soil CO 2 emissions. Significant differences in soil C-CO 2 emissions between different tillage treatments with crop presence were recorded during corn but not during winter wheat growing season. In these studied agroecological conditions, optimal tillage treatment regarding emitted C-CO 2 is plowing to 25 cm along the slope, but it should be noted that CO 2 emissions involve a complex interaction of several factors; thus, focusing on one factor, i.e., tillage, may result in a lack of consistency across studies.

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“…But, some researchers have shown higher emissions under NT relative to tilled plots attributed to decomposition of old surface residues (Oorts et al, 2007;Soane et al, 2012). Recently, some researchers have used no-till emission and its exponential decay in time as a reference to estimate CO 2 emission after tillage (La Scala et al, 2008, 2009; by subtracting the CO 2 emission after tillage from the no-till emission, it is possible to estimate the effect of tillage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and crop residue CO2-C emission under tillage systems in sugarcane-producing areas of southern Brazil

Teixeira

Corradi

Fukuda

et al. 2013

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Appropriate management of agricultural crop residues could result in increases on soil organic carbon (SOC) and help to mitigate gas effect. To distinguish the contributions of SOC and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) residues to the short-term CO 2 -C loss, we studied the infl uence of several tillage systems: heavy offset disk harrow (HO), chisel plow (CP), rotary tiller (RT), and sugarcane mill tiller (SM) in 2008, and CP, RT, SM, moldboard (MP), and subsoiler (SUB) in 2009, with and without sugarcane residues relative to no-till (NT) in the sugarcane producing region of Brazil. Soil CO 2 -C emissions were measured daily for two weeks after tillage using portable soil respiration systems. Daily CO 2 -C emissions declined after tillage regardless of tillage system. In 2008, total CO 2 -C from SOC and/or residue decomposition was greater for RT and lowest for CP. In 2009, emission was greatest for MP and CP with residues, and smallest for NT. SOC and residue contributed 47 % and 41 %, respectively, to total CO 2 -C emissions. Regarding the estimated emissions from sugarcane residue and SOC decomposition within the measurement period, CO 2 -C factor was similar to sugarcane residue and soil organic carbon decomposition, depending on the tillage system applied. Our approach may defi ne new emission factors that are associated to tillage operations on bare or sugarcane-residue-covered soils to estimate the total carbon loss.Keywords: soil respiration, carbon dioxide, emission after tillage, soil organic carbon IntroductionLosses of soil organic carbon (SOC) due to soil management in agricultural areas have been identifi ed as a factor that accelerates the greenhouse effect, especially by emitting CO 2 in the atmosphere (Eugster et al., 2010). Losses of SOC can be assessed either by directly measuring changes in SOC content or by monitoring soil CO 2 emissions. The latter has the advantage to detect immediate or near-immediate effects of management practices on C loss via emissions. The impact of tillage on the loss of SOC and associated emission factors under different management systems has been studied (Smith et al., 2010;La Scala et al., 2008; La Scala et al., 2009 a,b), and some researchers have used tillage emission factors as bias for estimating soil conversion from conventional to no-till. However, Smith et al. (2010) noted that this conversion can be affected by the depth of tillage, and multiple factors should be developed to reduce estimation errors.Agricultural activities contribute with approximately 20 % to the global greenhouse gas emissions (Lokupitiya and Paustian, 2006). No-till farming combined with the maintenance of crop residues on the soil surface has been identifi ed as an important strategy for sequestering carbon (C) from the atmosphere (Lal, 2007). Tillage induces the loss of C as CO 2 by breaking up soil aggregates and exposing the protected organic matter to microbes. Tillage also incorporates and mixes residues, improving aeration, which can lead to additional C losses by maximizin...

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Determinants of annual fluxes of CO2 and N2O in long-term no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in northern France

Cited by 209 publications

References 35 publications

Carbon dioxide efflux in a rhodic hapludox as affected by tillage systems in southern Brazil

Carbon dioxide efflux in a rhodic hapludox as affected by tillage systems in southern Brazil

Influence of Tillage Practices and Crop Type on Soil CO2 Emissions

Soil and crop residue CO2-C emission under tillage systems in sugarcane-producing areas of southern Brazil

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