Determinants of antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccines in people with HIV

Chammartin, Frédérique; Kusejko, Katharina; Pasin, Chloé; Trkola, Alexandra; Briel, Matthias; Amico, Patrizia; Stoekle, Marcel P.; Eichenberger, Anna; Hasse, Barbara; Braun, Dominique L; Schuurmans, Macé M.; Müller, Thomas; Tamm, Michael; Mueller, Nicolas J.; Rauch, Andri; Koller, Michael; Günthard, Huldrych F.; Bucher, Heiner C.; Speich, Benjamin; Abela, Irene A.

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000003246

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Some studies reported higher immune responses to both mRNA and adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 107 , 118 , 120 ] or preexisting cross-reactive T-cell responses correlated with prior exposure to seasonal coronaviruses [ 106 ], suggesting that, similar to what observed in the general population, a preexisting immune memory may boost immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines.…”

Section: Immune Responses To Sars-cov-2 Vaccines In Plwhmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…mRNA vaccines appear to elicit the highest immune responses in this population [ 113 – 115 , 116 •, 117 ]. Among mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 has been show less immunogenic than mRNA-1273 [ 100 , 102 ••, 118 ]. However, given the lack of immune thresholds that correlate to protection after vaccination, the clinical significance of such lower immunogenicity is currently unknown.…”

Section: Immune Responses To Sars-cov-2 Vaccines In Plwhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 130 ] BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (2 doses) Prospective observational cohort study (USA) 14 PLWH: 13 (93%) males; median age: 62 years (IQR: 56–70) CD4 + T-cell counts strata: - < 200: n = 2 - 200–349: n = 1 - 350–499: n = 3 - > 500: n = 8 All PLWH on cART for at least 6 months Undetectable plasma HIV-RNA: n = 13 (93%) No pre-vaccination history of COVID-19 Anti-RBD IgG/IgM (ELISA) High binding antibody titers in PLWH with well-controlled HIV on cART, regardless of CD4 + T-cell counts Chammartin et al . [ 118 ] BNT162b or mRNA-1273 (2 doses) Observational cohort study (Switzerland) 333 PLWH: 65 (20.2%) females; age > 60 years: n = 231 (72%) CD4 + T-cell counts > 350/μL: n = 298 (92.8%) HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL: n = 13 (4%) Individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection excluded Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 [Antibody Coronavirus Assay 2 (ABCORA 2), which also allows for a reliable prediction of neutralization activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain based on anti-S1 reactivity] Antibody response higher among PLWH < 60 years, with CD4 + cell count > 350 cells/mL and vaccinated with mRNA-1273 compared with BNT162b2 Pre-infection with SARS-CoV-2 boosted the antibody response Benet et al . [ 101 •] BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (2 doses) Prospective observational single-center cohort study (Spain) 94 PLWH, described according to CD4 + T-cell count strata: < 200/μL: 79.3% males; median age: 52 years (IQR: 40–56) > 500/μL: 80.6% males; median age: 51 years (IQR: 40–56) 33 HIV-negative controls: 18 (54.5%) males; median age: 53 years (IQR: 35–57) CD4 + T-cell strata: - < 200/μL: n = 58 - > 500/μL: n = 36 Undetectable plasma HIV-RNA: - CD4 + < 200/μL group: n = 47 (81%) - CD4 + > 500/μL group: n = 35 (100%) Individuals with known history of SARS-CoV-2 infection excluded Anti-S IgG and anti-RBD IgG (ELISA) Neutralizing antibody activity (neutralization assay) SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells (ELISpot after stimulation of PBMCs with a pool of overlapping SARS-CoV-2 peptides) Lower anti-S and anti-RBD IgG levels in PLWH with CD4 + T-cell counts < 200/μ...…”

Section: Immune Responses To Sars-cov-2 Vaccines In Plwhmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames?

et al. 2023

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Purpose of Review HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 have been the major pandemics overwhelming our times. Given the enduring immune disfunction featuring people living with HIV (PLWH) despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), concerns for higher incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as for suboptimal responses to the newly developed vaccines in this population arose early during the pandemics. Herein, we discuss the complex interplay between HIV and SARS-CoV-2, with a special focus on the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and vaccination in PLWH. Recent Findings Overall, current literature shows that COVID-19 severity and outcomes may be worse and immune responses to infection or vaccination lower in PLWH with poor CD4 + T-cell counts and/or uncontrolled HIV viremia. Data regarding the risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) among PLWH are extremely scarce, yet they seem to suggest a higher incidence of such condition. Summary Scarce immunovirological control appears to be the major driver of weak immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccination and worse COVID-19 outcomes in PLWH. Therefore, such individuals should be prioritized for vaccination and should receive additional vaccine doses. Furthermore, given the potentially higher risk of developing long-term sequelae, PLWH who experienced COVID-19 should be ensured a more careful and prolonged follow-up.

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Section: Immune Responses To Sars-cov-2 Vaccines In Plwhmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Immune Responses To Sars-cov-2 Vaccines In Plwhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune Responses To Sars-cov-2 Vaccines In Plwhmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames?

et al. 2023

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“…In several works, it was suggested that the mRNA1273 may be more immunogenic compared with BNT162b2 vaccine in PLWH [24,25]. In an observational comparative effectiveness study that used administrative claims data in the USA, it was found that among immunocompromised adults, a two-dose mRNA-1273 regimen was more effective in preventing medically attended COVID-19 in any setting (inpatient and outpatient) than 2-dose BNT162b2.…”

Section: Safety and Immunogenicity Of Covid 19 Vaccines In People Liv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of HIV on COVID-19 vaccine responses

Levy

Rahav

2023

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Purpose of reviewPersons living with HIV (PLWH) may have a moderately increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection, especially if viral load is not controlled and if they are immunosuppressed. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is the most effective measure to prevent morbidity and mortality. However, individuals with HIV/AIDS may have less protection after vaccination. The purpose of this review is to summarize some of the recent studies focused on examining the safety, immunogenicity and effectiveness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Recent findingsThe safety of all anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among PLWH is not different from the safety of these vaccines among HIV-negative individuals and is acceptable. PLWH with viral suppression and immune reconstitution (CD4+ cell count > 350 cells/μl) may reach almost same immunogenicity such as people without HIV albeit antibody levels and neutralization may decline more rapidly than in people without HIV. PLWH with viremia or immunosuppressed, especially AIDS, have less immunogenicity.SummaryFull vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is a well tolerated and efficient way to prevent mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 among PLWH and AIDS patients. It is very important to follow recommended booster vaccination for a continuous and prompt immunogenicity.

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“…To our knowledge, no randomized trials have compared the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines head-to-head. However, there are references to a better performance of mRNA-1273 compared to the BNT162b2 vaccine not only in PLWH ( 18 , 36 ) but also in solid organ transplant recipients ( 37 ) and healthy donors ( 38 , 39 ). Furthermore, the mRNA-1273 vaccine appears to result in significantly lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization ( 40 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-COV-2 after vaccination with mRNA vaccines in PLWH with discordant immune response. Influence of the vaccine administered

et al. 2023

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BackgroundData on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and discordant immune response (DIR) are currently limited. Therefore, we compare the immunogenicity of these vaccines in DIR and immunological responders (IR).MethodsA prospective cohort that enrolled 89 participants. Finally, 22 IR and 24 DIR were analyzed before vaccination (T0), one (T1) and six months (T2) after receiving BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. Additionally, 10 IR and 16 DIR were evaluated after a third dose (T3). Anti-S-RBD IgG, neutralizing antibodies (nAb), neutralization activity, and specific memory B cells were quantified. Furthermore, specific CD4+ and CD8+ responses were determined by intracellular cytokine staining and polyfunctionality indexes (Pindex).ResultsAt T1, all participants developed anti-S-RBD. 100% IR developed nAb compared to 83.3% DIR. Spike-specific B cells were detected in all IR and 21/24 DIR. Memory CD4+ T cells responded in 5/9 IR and 7/9 DIR, mainly based on the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α, with a higher Pindex in DIR. Memory CD8+ T cells responded in only four participants in each group. At T2, anti-S-RBD and nAb titers were higher in DIR than in IR. In both groups, there was an increase in specific B memory cells, higher in DIR. Six IR and five DIR maintained a specific memory CD4+ response. Memory CD8+ response was preserved in IR but was lost in DIR. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, receiving mRNA-1273 instead of BNT162b2 played a prominent role in the results.ConclusionsOur data suggest that PLWH with DIR can mount an immune response similar to those with higher CD4+, provided they receive the mRNA-1273 vaccine instead of others less immunogenic.

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Determinants of antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccines in people with HIV

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames?

Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames?

The effect of HIV on COVID-19 vaccine responses

Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-COV-2 after vaccination with mRNA vaccines in PLWH with discordant immune response. Influence of the vaccine administered

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