Determinants of bone mass in older adults with normal- and overweight derived from the crosstalk with muscle and adipose tissue

Walowski, Carina O; Enderlé, J; Braun, Wiebke; Both, Marcus; Hasler, Mario; Müller, Manfred J.; Norman, Kristina; Bosy‐Westphal, Anja

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31642-4

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…These differences do not seem to act on insulin resistance ( 25 ), and in fact we detected the irisin relationship with HOMA-2 in both sexes. Unfortunately we did not have a measure to differentiate the lean body weight of the skeletal muscle mass, and we don’t know if serum irisin is more related to any of them, but in previous studies myokines have not shown association with bone parameters ( 27 ). Some studies suggest that sex differences in the adiposity distribution play a role in the different cardiometabolic risk of men and women ( 28 ), but an exact role for irisin in this issue would need future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Irisin, in women and men: blood pressure, heart rate, obesity and insulin resistance

et al. 2023

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BackgroundIrisin is a myokine that increases with leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and for which a cardiovascular protective role has been postulated. Our aim was to assess this role in the general population.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was performed in a large randomly selected population sample (n=2298 women and 1529 men). Apart from age and sex, we record anthropometrics (blood pressure, heart rate, obesity), lifestyle (LTPA, smoking, alcohol), and biochemical measurements (irisin, lipid profile, insulin resistance). Correlations and regression multivariate models were used to analyze the association of irisin levels with the studied factors.ResultsThe variables more strongly and directly associated with irisin, adjusting the studied factors separately in women and men, were HOMA-2 (p=0.043 and p=0.001, respectively) and LTPA (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Also heart rate inversely (p=0.005 and p=0.002, respectively) and DBP directly (p<0.005 and p=0.045, respectively) were associated to irisin in both sexes. The waist/height ratio (p<0.001) was inversely associated to irisin only in women, and the alcohol drinking was directly associated (p=0.029) only in men.ConclusionWe provide new findings for irisin, such as its association with DBP and with heart rate; furthermore, in women irisin is associated to abdominal obesity, and in men is associated to the alcohol intake. We also corroborate the association of irisin with LTPA and insulin resistance. The associations detected point towards a protective role of irisin in the maintenance of cardiometabolic health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Irisin, in women and men: blood pressure, heart rate, obesity and insulin resistance

et al. 2023

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“…There are studies suggesting that body fat is the main predictor of BMD at all bone sites [21]. On the other hand, more recent studies suggest a negative relationship between fat mass index and BMD and, at the same time, a positive association between bone and muscle mass [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining Evaluation of Bone Mass and Adipose Distribution in Dunnigan Syndrome

Moreira,

de Araújo,

Fukada

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are rare diseases characterized by selective loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue at different sites. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to estimate adipose tissue in the bone marrow (BMAT), intra (IMCL) and extra-myocyte lipids (EMCL), and define the bone phenotype in the context of FPLD2/Dunnigan syndrome (DS). The subjects comprised 23 controls (C) and 18 DS patients, matched by age, weight and height. Blood samples, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) and 1H-spectroscopy using magnetic resonance to estimate BMAT in the lumbar spine, IMCL, EMCL and osteoclastogenesis were assessed. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 78% in DS patients. Glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, insulin and HOMA-IR levels were elevated in DS, whereas HDLc, 25(OH)D, PTH and osteocalcin levels were reduced. BMD was similar between groups at all sites, except 1/3 radius, which was lower in DS group. TBS was reduced in DS. DS presented increased osteoclastogenesis and elevated BMAT, with greater saturation levels and higher IMCL than the C group. HOMA-IR and EMCL were negatively associated with TBS; osteocalcin and EMCL were correlated negatively with BMD. This study contributes to refining the estimation of adipose tissue in DS by showing increased adiposity in the lumbar spine and muscle tissue. DXA detected lower TBS and BMD in the 1/3 radius, suggesting impairment in bone quality and that bone mass is mainly affected in the cortical bone.

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“…PGC-1α is upregulated in adipose tissue [ 45 , 46 ] following its activation by irisin [ 17 , 39 ]. Irisin-activated adipose, in turn, reciprocally secretes adiponectin, which bolsters muscle and bone development and metabolism [ 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) releases a distinct combination of adipokines from white adipose tissues, collectively known as batokines, that regulate the development and metabolism of muscle and collateral tissues [ 50 ].…”

Section: Secretome-mediated Muscle–fat Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Developmental Implications of Muscle-Targeted Magnetic Mitohormesis: A Human Health and Longevity Perspective

Franco‐Obregón

Tai

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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Muscle function reflects muscular mitochondrial status, which, in turn, is an adaptive response to physical activity, representing improvements in energy production for de novo biosynthesis or metabolic efficiency. Differences in muscle performance are manifestations of the expression of distinct contractile-protein isoforms and of mitochondrial-energy substrate utilization. Powerful contractures require immediate energy production from carbohydrates outside the mitochondria that exhaust rapidly. Sustained muscle contractions require aerobic energy production from fatty acids by the mitochondria that is slower and produces less force. These two patterns of muscle force generation are broadly classified as glycolytic or oxidative, respectively, and require disparate levels of increased contractile or mitochondrial protein production, respectively, to be effectively executed. Glycolytic muscle, hence, tends towards fibre hypertrophy, whereas oxidative fibres are more disposed towards increased mitochondrial content and efficiency, rather than hypertrophy. Although developmentally predetermined muscle classes exist, a degree of functional plasticity persists across all muscles post-birth that can be modulated by exercise and generally results in an increase in the oxidative character of muscle. Oxidative muscle is most strongly correlated with organismal metabolic balance and longevity because of the propensity of oxidative muscle for fatty-acid oxidation and associated anti-inflammatory ramifications which occur at the expense of glycolytic-muscle development and hypertrophy. This muscle-class size disparity is often at odds with common expectations that muscle mass should scale positively with improved health and longevity. Brief magnetic-field activation of the muscle mitochondrial pool has been shown to recapitulate key aspects of the oxidative-muscle phenotype with similar metabolic hallmarks. This review discusses the common genetic cascades invoked by endurance exercise and magnetic-field therapy and the potential physiological differences with regards to human health and longevity. Future human studies examining the physiological consequences of magnetic-field therapy are warranted.

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Determinants of bone mass in older adults with normal- and overweight derived from the crosstalk with muscle and adipose tissue

Cited by 5 publications

References 97 publications

Irisin, in women and men: blood pressure, heart rate, obesity and insulin resistance

Irisin, in women and men: blood pressure, heart rate, obesity and insulin resistance

Refining Evaluation of Bone Mass and Adipose Distribution in Dunnigan Syndrome

The Developmental Implications of Muscle-Targeted Magnetic Mitohormesis: A Human Health and Longevity Perspective

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