Determinants of Broadband Access and Usage in Turkey: Do Regions Matter?

KKksal, Emin; Anil, Bulent

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2362376

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Turkey is generally considered as a ‘newly industrialized country' (NIC) (Encyclopædia Britannica ) and is classified as an upper‐middle income economy by the World Bank (The World Bank ). The broadband penetration rate in Turkey is substantially below the EU average, and is subject to clear regional disparities (Köksal and Anıl ). It is therefore reasonable to assume that telecommunication infrastructure deprivation – especially in certain regions – is common, unlike in developed economies such as the EU or US.…”

Section: Regional Patterns Of Income Per Capita In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet infrastructure and regional convergence: Evidence from Turkey

Celbiş

Crombrugghe

2018

Papers in Regional Science

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This study presents novel evidence regarding the role of regional internet infrastructure in reducing regional per capita income disparities. We base our study on the assumptions that (1) the diffusion of information homogenizes regional economies through reducing the dissimilarities in institutions and culture, and (2) the telecommunication capacity, represented by the internet infrastructure of a region, facilitates this flow of information. Using the data from the 26 statistical NUTS‐2 regions of Turkey for the period 1999–2011, we find evidence that internet infrastructure increases the speed of regional convergence.

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Section: Regional Patterns Of Income Per Capita In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet infrastructure and regional convergence: Evidence from Turkey

Celbiş

Crombrugghe

2018

Papers in Regional Science

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“…Türkiye için bu alanda bilgimiz dahilinde olan tek çalışma, Köksal ve Anıl'in çalışmasıdır. 17 Söz konusu çalışma, sabit internet erişiminin sosyoekonomik ve demografik değişkenlerin belirleyicilerini inceleyerek, internete erişim konusundaki bölgesel farklılığın, internet kullanımı konusunda da var olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışma, Türkiye'nin batı ve orta bölgelerinde yaşayan bireylerin doğu bölgelerinde yaşayan bireylere nazaran internete erişim olasılıklarının daha yüksek olduğunu, yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim, hanehalkı büyüklüğü gibi değişkenleri kontrol ederek ortaya koymuştur.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Türki̇ye’de İnterneti̇ Ki̇mler, Ne İçi̇n Kullaniyor?

Anil¹,

Köksal²

2016

İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi

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ÖzetBu çalışma Türkiye' de internet erişiminin ve kullanımının belirleyicilerini araştırmaktadır. Çalışmada TUİK'in 2014 yılı Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırmasının veri setini kullanarak aşamalı bir regresyon analizi kullanılmaktadır. İlk aşamada hanehalklarının internet erişim sahibi olmalarında etkili olan sosyoekonomik, demografik ve bölgesel faktörler tahmin edilmiş, sonraki aşamada ise bu faktörlerin, bireylerin internet kullanımını nasıl etkilediği araştırılmıştır. Var olan literatürü destekler nitelikte, gelir, eğitim, cinsiyet, yaş gibi değişkenlerin hem internet erişiminde hem de kullanımında etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, hanedeki ilkokul çağındaki çocuk sayısının internet erişiminde etkili olduğu; gelir, yaş ve eğitim seviyelerinin internet kullanımında farklılık yarattığı ortaya konmuştur.Anahtar kelimeler: İnternet erişimi, İnternet kullanımı, aşamalı regresyon. JEL Sınıflaması: O10, O31, O32 WHO USES THE INTERNET IN TURKEY AND FOR WHAT PURPOSES?Abstract This paper investigates the determinants of internet access and usage in Turkey. The 2014 ICT Household Survey of TURKSTAT is employed through a multistage regression analysis. In the first stage, the factors which determine the internet adoption are identified, then in the second stage, the effects of those factors on internet usage are examined. The results are consistent with the earlier studies: income, education, gender, age matter both in internet adoption and usage. Besides, this study emphasizes that the number of children in primary school significantly increases the probability of internet adoption, while income, age and education level creates differences in the type of internet usage.

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“…Compared to Istanbul (TR1), all regions reveal significant results, which means that, regardless of whether someone is located in the west or east of Turkey, the probability of having an Internet connection is lower for those who do not live in Istanbul. Köksal and Anıl (2015) argued that interregional disparities exist with regard to broadband adoption in favor of western regions. It is worth checking whether this argument still holds true today, given infrastructural developments over time.…”

Section: Regression Results For Internet Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, Polat emphasized “the need for more sophisticated multivariate regression analysis that goes beyond descriptive statistics to uncover the most important predictors of internet use.” Unlike previous work, we address the issue from a broad perspective of first-level digital divide and base our arguments on well-established econometric models instead of solely descriptive statistics. Köksal and Anıl (2015) examined the determinants of broadband access and broadband usage in Turkey in 2012 and found that education, age, gender, employment, region and availability of fixed and mobile telephony are significant determinants. Validating their previous results, Anıl and Köksal (2016) also showed that household income is a significant determinant of broadband adoption in Turkey.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The explanatory variables are not as detailed as in the present study, and the device access aspect is not addressed at all. Also, since their regional approach is based on congregating 12 NUTS-1 statistical regions of Turkey into three as West-Central-East, Köksal and Anıl (2015) provides limited information on the relative performance of each region in terms of Internet access and use, which is essential to implement region-specific policies.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of internet adoption in Turkey and the need for a more coherent vision on information and communication technologies policy

Dalgic-Tetikol

Güloğlu

Köksal

2022

Competition and Regulation in Network Industries

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Digital transformation offers tremendous opportunities for emerging economies like Turkey. However, the full potential of digital advancements can only be achieved with the widespread adoption of digital technologies, which depends on the capable delivery of information and communication technologies (ICT) and their effective usability. Despite increased Internet penetration rates in Turkey in recent years, disparities in Internet adoption continue to persist. This study investigates whether and to what extent key demographic and socioeconomic factors are associated with the first-level digital divide in Turkey. The phenomenon is discussed in three aspects: device access, Internet access, and Internet use. The findings demonstrate that the vast majority of people in Turkey have Internet-enabled devices, mainly smartphones. Age, income, and education are significant predictors of Internet access. However, even when access is available, large disparities exist among gender, age, income, education, and employment groups in terms of Internet use. Moreover, our findings reveal significant regional differences in both Internet access and use. The results point to the need for a more coherent vision on ICT policies such that the need for demand-side programs are intended to stimulate broadband adoption widely by those groups. This paper provides useful pointers that can facilitate further academic research and structural decisions among policy-makers, by emphasizing the high-priority target groups.

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Determinants of Broadband Access and Usage in Turkey: Do Regions Matter?

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Internet infrastructure and regional convergence: Evidence from Turkey

Internet infrastructure and regional convergence: Evidence from Turkey

Türki̇ye’de İnterneti̇ Ki̇mler, Ne İçi̇n Kullaniyor?

Determinants of internet adoption in Turkey and the need for a more coherent vision on information and communication technologies policy

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