Determinants of diarrheal diseases among under five children in Jimma Geneti District, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2020: a case-control study

Abstract

Background Globally, in 2017, there were nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrheal diseases, and it is the second most important cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Sanitary conditions, poor housing, an unsanitary environment, insufficient safe water supply, cohabitation with domestic animals that may carry human pathogens, and a lack of food storage facilities, in combination with socioeconomic and behavioral factors, are common causes of diarrhea disease and have had a significant impact on diarrhea incidence in the majority of developing countries. Methods A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 407 systematically sampled under-five children of Jimma Geneti District (135 with diarrhea and 272 without diarrhea) from May 01 to 30, 2020. Data was collected using an interview administered questionnaire and observational checklist adapted from the WHO/UNICEF core questionnaire and other related literature. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were done by using SPSS version 20.0. Result Sociodemographic determinants such as being a child of 12–23 months of age (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.68–6.46; P < 0.05) and mothers’/caregivers’ history of diarrheal diseases (AOR 7.38, 95% CI 3.12–17.44; P < 0.05) were significantly associated with diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Environmental and behavioral factors such as lack of a hand-washing facility near a latrine (AOR 5.22, 95% CI 3.94–26.49; P < 0.05), a lack of hand-washing practice at critical times (AOR 10.6, 95% CI 3.74–29.81; P < 0.05), improper domestic solid waste disposal (AOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.39–5.18; P < 0.05), and not being vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.25–4.81; P < 0,05) were found important determinants of diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Conclusion The unavailability of a hand-washing facility nearby latrine, mothers’/caregivers’ history of the last 2 weeks’ diarrheal diseases, improper latrine utilization, lack of hand-washing practice at critical times, improper solid waste disposal practices, and rotavirus vaccination status were the determinants of diarrheal diseases among under-five children identified in this study. Thus, promoting the provision of continuous and modified health information programs for households on the importance of sanitation, personal hygiene, and vaccination against rotavirus is fundamental to decreasing the burden of diarrheal disease among under-five children.

The Co-Utilization of Oral Rehydration Solution and Zinc for Treating Diarrhea and Its Associated Factors Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of EDHS 2016

“…Diarrhea is defined as the passage of three or more loose or watery stools within 24 hours, which might be manifested with the change in a person’s daily stool fluidity, frequency, or volume from what is considered normal. 1 , 2 Diarrhea is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five worldwide, killing an estimated 533,768 children under the age of five in 2017. 3 , 4 According to the Ethiopian demographic and health survey report 2016, 13% of under-five children had diarrhea within two weeks preceding the survey, 5 and the third killer of under-five children in Ethiopia.…”

Diarrheal disease and associated factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Oda Bultum District, Eastern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

“…Another study from Sidama region; southern Ethiopia reported the prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children ranged between 10.7 and 16.5% [ 9 ]. A study conducted in Jimma also reported sociodemographic, environmental, immunization status and behavioral factors are the main risk factors for diarrheal disease [ 10 ]. The same study also reported that children who were not vaccinated against rotavirus were about 2.5 times at risk of having diarrheal disease [ 10 ].…”

“…A study conducted in Jimma also reported sociodemographic, environmental, immunization status and behavioral factors are the main risk factors for diarrheal disease [ 10 ]. The same study also reported that children who were not vaccinated against rotavirus were about 2.5 times at risk of having diarrheal disease [ 10 ].…”

Hand-Washing at Critical Times and Associated Factors Among Mothers/Caregivers of Under-Five Year Children in Nefas Silk Lafto Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…Five moments are considered critical times to wash hands; after defecation, after handling child/adult feces or cleaning child's bottom, after cleaning the environment, before preparing food, and before eating food. 10 , 12 – 14…”

“…10 Five moments are considered critical times to wash hands; after defecation, after handling child/adult feces or cleaning child's bottom, after cleaning the environment, before preparing food, and before eating food. 10,[12][13][14] Evidence also shows that hand washing at critical times reduces rates of diarrheal diseases like cholera and dysentery by 41%. 15 It also has a better reward; 3.35 dollar investment in hand washing gives a backward benefit of 11.0 dollar investment in latrine construction, 200 dollar investment in water supply, and millions of dollars investment in immunization.…”