Determinants of diarrhoeal diseases: a community based study in urban south western Ethiopia

Mekasha, Amha; Tesfahun, Adino

doi:10.4314/eamj.v80i2.8650

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar study conducted in Jimma, South west Ethiopia, revealed typhus fever preponderance among male patients (Mekasha and Tesfahun, 2004). In the current study, epidemic typhus was more prevalent among patients within the age group 41 to 50 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Seroprevalence of typhus fever at the Kality Prison, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mariam¹,

Gelaw²,

Assefa³

2015

Biomed Res Ther

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Abstract-Background: Peoples living in crowded situations like refugee camps and prisons are highly vulnerable to louse-born typhus infection. The information on the prevalence of louse-borne typhus among prisoners in Ethiopia is limited. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of typhus among prisoners at the Kality Prison, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A five-year retrospective study was conducted from February to March 2014. A total of 6104 typhus fever suspected prisoners tested for typhus at the Kality Prison Hospital from 2008 to 2012 were included. Data on the seroprevalence of typhus were abstracted from Kality Prison Laboratory. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20 statistical software. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square were computed. In all cases p-values less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of typhus fever infection was 26.3%. The prevalence of typhus fever infection was found to be higher among prisoners within the age group of 41-50 years (36.9%) and also among male patients (27.3%). The prevalence of typhus fever infection was higher by the year 2009 (40.7%) and overall in the five-year period the summer (31.8%) and fall (30%) seasons showed higher seroprevalence of typhus. Conclusions: The prevalence of typhus fever infection at Kality prison was high. This high prevalence could be a possible risk for epidemic typhus fever infection within the prison and for the nearby population. Therefore, targeted public health intervention could be important in this high-risk population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Seroprevalence of typhus fever at the Kality Prison, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mariam¹,

Gelaw²,

Assefa³

2015

Biomed Res Ther

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“…Even though indicators of handwashing are commonly strongly associated with measures of socioeconomic status, 15,23,47-49 some studies have not been able to confirm this association 16 or to link socioeconomic status to lower diarrhea prevalence. 45,50 As Ram and others 51 suggested, compared with poor households, wealthier households may be able to purchase soap more regularly and may be able to prioritize the use of soap for handwashing as opposed to other purposes. In the present sample, we could not find a stronger relationship between the amount money spent on soap and handwashing frequency when respondents had a higher score on the household wealth index as opposed to when this score was low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Contextual and Psychosocial Factors on Handwashing

Seimetz¹,

Boyayo²,

Mosler³

2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Even though washing hands with soap is among the most effective measures to reduce the risk of infection, handwashing rates in infrastructure-restricted settings remain seriously low. Little is known about how context alone and in interaction with psychosocial factors influence hand hygiene behavior. The aim of this article was to explore how both contextual and psychosocial factors affect handwashing practices. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 660 caregivers of primary school children in rural Burundi. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that household wealth, the amount of water per person, and having a designated place for washing hands were contextual factors significantly predicting handwashing frequency, whereas the contextual factors, time spent collecting water and amount of money spent on soap, were not significant predictors. The contextual factors explained about 13% of the variance of reported handwashing frequency. The addition of the psychosocial factors to the regression model resulted in a significant 41% increase of explained variation in handwashing frequency. In this final model, the amount of water was the only contextual factor that remained a significant predictor. The most important predictors were a belief of self-efficacy, planning how, when, and where to wash hands, and always remembering to do so. The findings suggest that contextual constraints might be perceived rather than actual barriers and highlight the role of psychosocial factors in understanding hygiene behaviors.

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“…A multipronged approach is indicated to contain diarrheal illness in this setting and similar settings 30. Primary caregivers are aware of the existence of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Care Utilization and Attitudes Survey: Understanding Diarrheal Disease in Rural Gambia

Saha¹,

Akinsola²,

Sharples³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Diarrheal disease causes ∼1.34 million deaths per year among children under 5 years of age globally. We conducted a Health Care Utilization and Attitudes Survey of 1,012 primary caregivers of children aged 0–11, 12–23, and 24–59 months randomly selected from a Demographic Surveillance population in rural Gambia. Point prevalence of diarrhea was 7.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.1–9.8); 23.3% had diarrhea within the previous 2 weeks. Caregivers of 81.5% of children with diarrhea sought healthcare outside their home, but only 48.4% of them visited a health center. Only 17.0% (95% CI = 12.1–23.2) of children with diarrhea received oral rehydration solution (ORS) at home. Abbreviated surveys conducted on six occasions over the subsequent 2 years showed no change in prevalence or treatment-seeking behavior. Diarrhea remains a significant problem in rural young Gambian children. Encouraging care-seeking behavior at health centers and promoting ORS use can reduce mortality and morbidity in this population.

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Determinants of diarrhoeal diseases: a community based study in urban south western Ethiopia

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Seroprevalence of typhus fever at the Kality Prison, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Seroprevalence of typhus fever at the Kality Prison, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The Influence of Contextual and Psychosocial Factors on Handwashing

Health Care Utilization and Attitudes Survey: Understanding Diarrheal Disease in Rural Gambia

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