Objective: We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of self-esteem in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Specifically, our objectives were to investigate the differences in self-esteem between individuals with AN and healthy controls, or individuals with other eating disorders, and to examine self-esteem as an outcome, predictor, moderator, and mediator in AN treatment.Method: The databases PsycINFO, PSYNDEXplus, Ovid MEDLINE ® , and ProQuest were searched for studies published from 1990 to 2018. To estimate aggregated effect sizes, we performed random-effects meta-analyses.Results: A screening of 1,596 abstracts and 203 full-texts identified 68 relevant publications.Results suggest a significantly lower global self-esteem in individuals with AN than in healthy