Determinants of e-cigarette use among a sample of high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors associated with electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in eight high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 767 students were recruited by multistage cluster random sampling. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to determine the associations between socio-demographic, predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors and e-cigarette use. Results Respondents were 54.1% male and the mean age was 16 years old [standard deviation (SD): 1.02]. In this sample, 32.2% of students (n = 247) had ever used e-cigarettes and 11.8% of students were e-cigarette users (n = 90). Several measured factors were positively associated with e-cigarette use, including: current smoking of conventional cigarettes [odds ratio (OR): 2.06]; perception that e-cigarettes are less addictive than conventional cigarettes (OR: 1.98); perception that e-cigarettes do not cause cancer (OR: 2.38); parental acceptance of e-cigarette use (OR: 3.80); and having enough money to buy e-cigarettes (OR: 3.24). The only variable found that was negatively associated with e-cigarette use was teacher’s use of e-cigarettes (OR: 0.34). Conclusions This study found that student social influences, perceptions about and accessibility to e-cigarettes were significantly positively associated with e-cigarette use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study highlights the importance of educating students, their parents and teachers regarding safety and potential health hazards of using e-cigarettes. Efforts to implement and enforce youth access restrictions on e-cigarettes in Indonesia are crucial to preventing further uptake of these products.

Use of E-Cigarettes and Associated Factors among Youth in Thailand

“…A systematic review of 17 studies on youth in HICs found that flavored e-cigarettes were perceived as being less harmful, lower costs, more fashionable and enjoyable taste than combustible cigarettes (Romijnders et al, 2018). Prior research shows that youth e-cigarette use is associated with male sex (Barrington-Trimis et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2016;Park et al, 2017;Robert Lourdes et al, 2019;Soteriades et al, 2020), residence in urban areas (Park et al, 2017), low academic achievement (Kinnunen et al, 2020), poor knowledge about the harm of smoking (Jiang et al, 2016), positive attitudes toward e-cigarettes (Barrington-Trimis et al, 2015;Bigwanto et al, 2019), history of cigarette smoking (Dautzenberg et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2016;Park et al, 2017;Bigwanto et al, 2019;Robert Lourdes et al, 2019;Xiao et al, 2019;Kinnunen et al, 2020;Soteriades et al, 2020), and friends' (Barrington-Trimis et al, 2015;Dautzenberg et al, 2015;Park et al, 2017;Xiao et al, 2019) and family's members' smoking (Barrington-Trimis et al, 2015;Dautzenberg et al, 2015;Bigwanto et al, 2019;Kinnunen et al, 2020;Soteriades et al, 2020). However, there are few studies on youth e-cigarette use in low-and middleincome countries, especially in countries that e-cigarettes are banned (Thrasher et al, 2016;Zavala-Arciniega et al, 2018;Ofuchi et al, 2020).…”

Determinant of Intention E-cigarettes Use Among a Sample of Senior High School Students in Surabaya

“…Results: This results of this study show that the factors that have positively associated to intentions of e-cigarettes use by adolescent are instrumental attitudes (3,035), injunctive norm (2,561), descriptive norm (4,896) and self efficacy (3,526). Experiential attitude and perceived control did not associated the intention of adolescents e-cigarette use.…”

“…The sample size was determined by cluster random sampling, in 8 school which includes 291 students. Data collection was through filling out the online questionnaire and analyzed using logistic regression test to determine the association between variables.Results: This results of this study show that the factors that have positively associated to intentions of e-cigarettes use by adolescent are instrumental attitudes (3,035), injunctive norm (2,561), descriptive norm (4,896) and self efficacy (3,526). Experiential attitude and perceived control did not associated the intention of adolescents e-cigarette use.…”

“…Bigwanto, Nurmansyah, Orlan, Farradika, & Purnama also mentioned adolescents who have the perception that cigarettes do not cause addiction and do not cause health problems but will have a tendency to use e-cigarettes. 3 The instrumental attitude that actively use e-cigarettes can be caused by a lack of knowledge or information received by adolescents regarding the dangers of e-cigarettes.…”

“…8 Research Bigwanto, Nurmansyah, Orlan, Farradika, & Purnama, also Barrington-Trimis, et al found that adolescents who have families, especially parents who use e-cigarettes, cause adolescent tendencies and intentions to use it. 1,3 The results showed that almost adolescents who actively use cigarettes such as close friends and parents also use e-cigarettes. In addition, e-cigarettes which is one of the growing trends today is also the reason adolescents use e-cigarettes.…”