Determinants of growth in non-farm proprietor densities in the US, 1990–2000

Abstract

County-level, Non-farm proprietor employment density, Spatial effects, L26, J24,

Socio-economic impacts of a local bioenergy-based development strategy – The case of Pielinen Karelia, Finland

“…When the local workforce is not particularly mobile, studies have shown that creating local job opportunities appears to be the best way to increase employment among disadvantaged workers [11e13]; however, more research is needed to identify successful local development strategies, as well as an assessment of the impacts on regions and their development paths. One possibility is locally promoted entrepreneurship and small business development, which has proved to be promising in rural and lagging regions [14,15]. Other studies have highlighted the role of external shocks as a solution for prevailing negative lockin in rural regions [6,8,16].…”

Business starts in the Midwest: potential entrepreneurial groups

“…Figueroja-Armijos et al (2012) reported a significant negative correlation between the share of population 65 years and older and number of business starts. By contrast, Goetz and Rupashinga (2009) found that counties with a higher median age had higher rates of business creation and attributed their findings to survival entrepreneurship since older workers may face age discrimination in the job market. Older workers may have the knowledge or experience needed to start businesses related to previous employment (Zhang, 2008) and also may have sufficient financial resources and contacts (Stangler, 2009).…”

“…The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) recently reported that farm households start businesses to augment their earnings and generate more stable sources of income (Vogel, 2012). Goetz and Rupashinga (2009) reported that US counties with more natural amenities and higher median ages had higher percentages of the population owning businesses.…”

“…Goetz and Rupashinga (2009) found that counties with higher median home values had more new business activity, and this variable is included to adjust for wealth.…”

“…Previous studies of entrepreneurship have been based on national data (FiguerojaArmijos et al, 2012;Goetz & Rupashinga, 2009) even though regions offer different opportunities for business development. In this study the focus is on the Midwestern US with special attention paid to rural areas.…”