Determinants of land degradation in Jammu and Kashmir: implications for land governance

Baba, S. H.; Wani, M.H.; Zargar, Bilal A.; Bhat, Ishrat F

doi:10.5958/0974-0279.2019.00038.7

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Mechanical energy in the form of human labor is one of the most valuable inputs in agricultural production in the Indian context [72,73]. In our study, a greater number of human laborers engaged with fodder harvesting due to a greater number of harvests per year in the case of perennial cereal (Bajra-Napier hybrid) + legume (cowpea, lucerne, sesbania) cropping systems coupled with higher biomass production led to higher human energy profitability.…”

Section: Nutrient Energy Ratio and Human Energy Profitabilitymentioning

confidence: 74%

Carbon Footprint Assessment and Energy Budgeting of Different Annual and Perennial Forage Cropping Systems: A Study from the Semi-Arid Region of Karnataka, India

Manoj

Shekara²,

Sridhara

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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Efficient use of available resources in agricultural production is important to minimize carbon footprint considering the state of climate change. In this context, the current research was conducted to identify carbon and energy-efficient fodder cropping systems for sustainable livestock production. Annual monocropping, perennial monocropping, annual cereal + legume intercropping and perennial cereal + legume intercropping systems were evaluated by employing a randomized complete block design with three replications under field conditions. The lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) monocropping system recorded significantly lower carbon input (274 kg-CE ha−1 year−1) and showed higher carbon indices viz., carbon sustainability index (165.8), the carbon efficiency ratio (166.8) and carbon efficiency (347.5 kg kg-CE−1) over other systems. However, higher green fodder biomass led to statistically higher carbon output (78,542 kg-CE ha−1 year−1) in the Bajra–Napier hybrid (Pennisetum glaucum × Pennisetum purpureum) + lucerne perennial system. Similar to carbon input, lower input energy requirement (16,106 MJ ha−1 year−1) and nutrient energy ratio (25.7) were estimated with the lucerne perennial system. However, significantly higher energy output (376,345 and 357,011 MJ ha−1 year−1) and energy indices viz., energy use efficiency (13.3 and 12.2), energy productivity (5.8 and 5.3 kg MJ−1), net energy (327,811 and 347,961 MJ ha−1 year−1) and energy use efficiency (12.3 and 11.2) were recorded with Bajra–Napier hybrid + legume [lucerne and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)] cropping systems, respectively. However, these systems were on par with the lucerne monocropping system. Additionally, Bajra–Napier hybrid + legume [cowpea, sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.) and lucerne] cropping systems also showed higher human energy profitability. Concerning various inputs’ contribution to total carbon and energy input, chemical fertilizers were identified as the major contributors (73 and 47%), followed by farmyard manure (20 and 22%) used to cultivate crops, respectively, across the cropping systems. Extensive use of indirect (82%) and non-renewable energy sources (69%) was noticed compared to direct (18%) and renewable energy sources (31%). Overall, perennial monocropping and cereal + legume cropping systems performed well in terms of carbon and energy efficiency. However, in green biomass production and carbon and energy efficiency, Bajra–Napier hybrid + legume (lucerne and cowpea) cropping systems were identified as the best systems for climate-smart livestock feed production.

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Section: Nutrient Energy Ratio and Human Energy Profitabilitymentioning

confidence: 74%

Carbon Footprint Assessment and Energy Budgeting of Different Annual and Perennial Forage Cropping Systems: A Study from the Semi-Arid Region of Karnataka, India

Manoj

Shekara²,

Sridhara

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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“…Salary was the predominant sources of income contributing 45.58% of total family's income in Chochut block, followed by in Kargil and TSG block and Nyoma block. This revealed that people are more dependent on employment as stated by Wani et al (2011) that almost every family in Ladakh, has 1/2 members who earns from government jobs. Even 25% among out-migrants also engaged in permanent government jobs (Baba et al 2011).…”

Section: Contribution Of Livestock Towards Family Incomementioning

confidence: 89%

“…This revealed that people are more dependent on employment as stated by Wani et al (2011) that almost every family in Ladakh, has 1/2 members who earns from government jobs. Even 25% among out-migrants also engaged in permanent government jobs (Baba et al 2011). But the employment status in Nyoma block was significantly lower because of their traditional pastoralism and location.…”

Section: Contribution Of Livestock Towards Family Incomementioning

confidence: 89%

Contribution of livestock in livelihood: Ladakh region

Akand

Singh

Chander

2017

Indian J of Anim Sci

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Contribution of livestock in terms of income, milk based nutrition, man days generated, FYM, socio-cultural importance was assessed among 120 livestock farmers of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir. Data were collected using semi-structured interview schedule. The study revealed that livestock's contribution towards total house hold income ranged from 16.32 to 86.59%. Milk contributed about 1/3rd of dietary fat requirement of the farmers except among the farmers of Nyoma block where it contributed more than 80%. Similar trend was also observed in milk based protein (22-25%) and calcium intake (5-6%) in fulfilling the family requirement of Kargil, TSG and Chochut blocks. FYM obtained by the farmers was highest in Chochut (1.99 q/year) and lowest in Nyoma (0.67 q/year). But employment (man days/year) generated by livestock enterprise was more in Nyoma (561.91) as compared to the famers of other blocks that ranged from 294.11 to 326.67 per annum per family. Use of animal for mitigating the uncertainties in the region was not a common practice.

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“…Weigelt et al [ 64 ] stress a distinction between soil and land, but also identify a gap in the literature to address the critical importance of governing them together to achieve sustainability. An absence of land rights also often encourages poor soil management and land degradation [ 65 – 68 ]. From a legal perspective, the concept of land is usually operative in matters of ownership and boundaries, and also in terms of spatial and territorial planning.…”

Section: Soil As a Valued Resource And Legal Entitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Last year FAO and UNEP jointly published a key document, which is candid in its acknowledgement that implementation of international commitments can be difficult to enforce and monitor, especially when they are purely aspirational rather than legally binding [ 214 ]. The report provides many examples of innovative and progressive legislation in relation to land and soil, though questions still remain in relation to enforcement [ 68 ]. On a global scale the most urgent action needed may relate to category 2(a) in table 2 —restrictions or guidance on development involving conversion of use, to protect terrestrial natural resources and enforced by laws based on zoning, e.g.…”

Section: The Modern Governance Of Soil Resources Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Saving the ground beneath our feet: Establishing priorities and criteria for governing soil use and protection

Peake

Robb²

2021

R. Soc. open sci.

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The continual loss and impairment of soil ecosystem services (SES) across the globe calls for a fundamental reconsideration of soil governance mechanisms. This critical synthesis charts the history and evolution of national and international soil law and seeks to unravel certain challenges that have contributed to this failure in governance. It describes and categorizes law and policy responses to different soil threats, and identifies a worrying widespread absence of legislation for oversight and protection of agricultural soils from urbanization, as well as a lack of clear legal mechanisms to determine national priorities for soil protection. A reduction in the world's prime farmland threatens SES, including food security, carbon storage and biodiversity. Falling between the stalls of agricultural and environmental law, the fate of farmland is often left to planners who do not see themselves as responsible for soils. Consequently, legal instruments with the greatest power to affect soil, sometimes irreversibly, are often framed and worded with little or no reference to the soil. Nevertheless, emerging conceptual frameworks might offer positive outcomes. The authors advocate robust holistic policies of soil governance and land use planning that place SES and natural capital at the heart of decision making.

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Determinants of land degradation in Jammu and Kashmir: implications for land governance

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Carbon Footprint Assessment and Energy Budgeting of Different Annual and Perennial Forage Cropping Systems: A Study from the Semi-Arid Region of Karnataka, India

Carbon Footprint Assessment and Energy Budgeting of Different Annual and Perennial Forage Cropping Systems: A Study from the Semi-Arid Region of Karnataka, India

Contribution of livestock in livelihood: Ladakh region

Saving the ground beneath our feet: Establishing priorities and criteria for governing soil use and protection

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