Determinants of maxillary canine impaction: Retrospective clinical and radiographic study

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate determinants of maxillary canine impaction taking into account both canine position related variables and the pattern of facial growth.Material and MethodsA retrospective clinical and radiographic analysis was carried out on 109 patients aged between 9 and 10 years at the time of first evaluation. At baseline, SN-GoMe angle, the interincisal angle, the canine angle α and the canine distance d were used to characterize canine location and vertical facial growth. At the end of a two years follow up period the eruption state of each canine of each patient was recorded and accordingly classified as erupted or impacted on a clinical and radiographic basis. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed, including correlation among the studied variables and principal components analysis; several machine learning methods were also used in order to built a predictive model.ResultsAt the end of the two years follow up period after the first examination, 54 (24.77%) canines were classified as impacted. Except for Angle α values, there were no statistically significant differences between impacted and erupted canines. The studied variables were not significantly correlated, except for the SN-GoMe Angle and the distance d in the impacted canine group and the angle α and the distance d in erupted canines group. All variables, except for SN-GoMe Angle in erupted canines, have a partial communality with the first two principal components greater than 50%. Among the learning machine methods tested to classify data, the best performance was obtained by the random forest method, with an overall accuracy in predicting canine eruption of 88.3%.ConclusionsThe studied determinants are easy to perform measurements on 2D routinely executed radiographic images; they seems independently related to canine impaction and have reliable accuracy in predicting maxillary canine eruption. Key words:Canine impaction, Determinants, Facial growth.

Influence of impacted canines on the stress distribution during dental trauma with and without a mouthguard

“…Maxillary canines are among the most frequently impacted teeth . The perimeter of the arch and the alveolar dimensions are significantly reduced with an impacted canine on the palatal side compared to the non‐impacted side .…”

“…The upper canine is one of the most frequently impacted teeth and only third molars have a higher occurrence . Impaction is more common on the palatal side than the labial side .…”

“…The upper canine is one of the most frequently impacted teeth and only third molars have a higher occurrence. 1,2 Impaction is more common on the palatal side than the labial side. [3][4][5] Among the factors associated with impaction of maxillary canines are local obstruction of the hard tissues, hereditary or genetic factors, local pathosis, deviation from normal eruption axis, and other incisor development related factors.…”

“…A, impacted canine; B, surgical socket; C, after bone healing; D, impacted canine with a mouthguard; E, surgical socket with a mouthguard; F, after bone healing with a mouthguard; G, mean of 10% highest stress values calculated during the impact simulation in the cortical bone with and without a mouthguard; H, mean of 10% highest stress values during the impact simulation in the trabecular bone with and without a mouthguard4 | D ISCUSS I ONThe stress distributions were different in the three situations simulated in the finite element analysis: impacted canine, with surgical socket after the extraction, and after bone healing. A mouthguard decreased the stress concentrations in all three simulated situations.Thus, both null hypotheses were rejected.Maxillary canines are among the most frequently impacted teeth 1,2. The perimeter of the arch and the alveolar dimensions are significantly reduced with an impacted canine on the palatal side compared to the non-impacted side 27.…”

Morphological features of dentition associated with unilateral palatally impacted canine using cone beam computed tomograpahy: an etiological study

“…Angle between the long axis of canine and dental midline there were no statistically significant differences between impacted and erupted canines. 23…”