Determinants of Missed Games Following Concussions in the National Football League

Heintz, Elizabeth C.; Breaux, Lindsey; Lewis, Abilgail; Foreman, Jeremy J.

doi:10.3389/fspor.2020.595445

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is also possible that time-off after an SRC influences changes in performance. Quarterbacks tend to miss more games after sustaining an SRC than other positions (Heintz et al, 2020); therefore, quarterbacks may take longer than other positions to return to baseline performance levels. Missing more games may cause quarterback performance to decline more than players of other positions who return to practice and play sooner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Concussions on National Football League Quarterback Performance

Heintz

Foret

Foreman

2020

IJKSS

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Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) rates are higher in American football than any other sport; therefore, the effects of SRCs on professional football players is a prevalent topic. Previous research has shown that sustaining an SRC has negative financial and overall career outcomes for athletes and may cause performance decrements after an athlete returns to play, however, the results of previous research regarding athlete performance after returning from an SRC are mixed. While some studies found that player performance in the National Football League (NFL) was unaffected upon returning from an SRC, evidence also suggests significant scoring reductions in offensive players. Although previous research has found that NFL running backs and wide receivers perform at levels similar to their performance before sustaining an SRC, little is known about quarterback performance after an SRC. There is also evidence that SRCs decrease neurocognitive performance, a quality that is crucial, especially for quarterbacks. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine changes in NFL quarterback performances upon return to play from an SRC. Method: Quarterback ratings (QBRs) and concussion data from 2012-2015 were used to determine if changes occurred in NFL quarterback performance following an SRC. Results: QBRs decreased by 13.3 points (p = 0.014) after quarterbacks return from an SRC. Conclusions: Changes in on-field performance for NFL quarterbacks after sustaining an SRC could be the result of neurocognitive decrements that impact quick reaction and decision-making skills, which may have greater impacts on quarterbacks than other positions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Concussions on National Football League Quarterback Performance

Heintz

Foret

Foreman

2020

IJKSS

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“…A total of 20 studies met criteria for inclusion after full-text review. 4,5,[9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][30][31][32]34,36,39,40,42 During screening of full texts, reviewers agreed on the included/ exclusion of 92.9% (κ = 0.85, almost perfect agreement) of texts.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No studies identified for inclusion were published before 2014; 70% of studies were published after 2017 (Figure 2). Several internet-based public sources were referenced by the PODS, 4,[9][10][11][12]31,39,40 with PBS Frontline Concussion Watch being the most utilized public data source (8 of 20 studies, 40%) (Table 2). The 20 studies were published in 10 unique journals, 6 (60%) of which were considered 'Open Access' and 3 (30%) of which did not have an IF listed by the journal's website (Table 3).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Validity of Research Based on Publicly Obtained Data in Sports Medicine: A Quantitative Assessment of Concussions in the National Football League

Inclan

Kuhn

Chang

et al. 2023

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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Context: Numerous researchers have leveraged publicly available internet sources to publish clinical research concerning incidence and recovery from injuries in National Football League (NFL) players. Objective: This study aims to (1) provide a comprehensive systematic review of all publicly obtained data studies (PODS) regarding concussions in NFL athletes and (2) quantify the percentage of injuries identified by these studies in comparison with published concussion data from the NFL injury database. Study Selection: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to identify all published studies utilizing publicly obtained data regarding concussions in NFL athletes. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Manuscript details, factors related to the athletes of interest (eg, study period, positions included), and results (eg, concussion rate, number of total concussions, return-to-play data) were extracted independently by 2 authors. Results were compared with incident concussions reported from 2015 to 2019 by each medical staff member to the NFL database linked to the League’s electronic health record (EHR). Results: A total of 20 concussion-focused manuscripts based on PODS were identified from 2014 to 2020. PODS captured between 20% and 90% of concussions (mean, 70%) reported by medical staff to the injury database. PODS reported that 55% of concussions occurred on offensive plays, 45% on defensive plays and <1% occurred during special teams plays, compared with 44%, 37%, and 18%, respectively, as indicated by published data from the NFL injury database. When analyzed by position groups, running backs and quarterbacks comprised the most over-represented positions concussed in PODS, while offensive linemen, defensive backs, and linebackers comprised the most under-represented positions. Conclusion: PODS captured approximately 70% of concussions reported by NFL medical staff to the NFL injury database. There is heterogeneity in the degree to which PODS were able to identify concussions, with a bias toward concussions among players at higher profile positions.

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“…Findings can vary by sport. For example, evidence from the National Football League (NFL) shows that a concussion decreases future performance (Heintz et al, 2020b), play time (Heintz et al, 2020a; Wennberg & Tator, 2008), and player salary (Navarro et al, 2017). Conversely, no evidence of decreased performance postconcussion has been found in basketball (Yengo-Kahn et al, 2016) while results are mixed in baseball (Turbyfill et al, 2021).…”

Section: Literature Background: Sports Injuries and Injury Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Economic Approach to Sports Injury Policies

Cisyk,

Courty

2024

Journal of Sports Economics

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We propose an analysis of sports injury policies founded on the assertion that injuries are due to both uncontrollable risks (accidents from participating in sports) and controllable risks (athlete's deliberate choices in risk-taking). We compare the adoption decision of an injury policy made by: (a) a sport's organizer who maximizes welfare, (b) a sport's organizer who fails to account for athletes’ behavioral risk responses, and (c) the athletes themselves. We argue that policies that escalate risk, such as mandatory protective equipment, are over-adopted by the naïve sport organizer and the athletes, while policies that de-escalate risk, such as return-to-play rules, are under-adopted.

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Determinants of Missed Games Following Concussions in the National Football League

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Concussions on National Football League Quarterback Performance

Effect of Concussions on National Football League Quarterback Performance

Validity of Research Based on Publicly Obtained Data in Sports Medicine: A Quantitative Assessment of Concussions in the National Football League

An Economic Approach to Sports Injury Policies

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