1988
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/157.4.615
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Determinants of Morbidity and Mortality Due to Acute Respiratory Infections: Implications for Intervention

Abstract: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) were monitored every two weeks in an urban community in Metro Manila, Philippines, to determine the incidence and risk factors for ARI morbidity. Hospitalized children with acute lower-respiratory-tract infection (ALRI) were studied to determine case-fatality rates (CFR) and predictors for mortality. Incidence rates were highest in infants, 3.2-4.0 per person, followed by children one to four years of age, with corresponding rates of 3.0-3.4 per person. The risk factors for A… Show more

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Cited by 93 publications
(52 citation statements)
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“…The observed signi®cant positive associations between underweight, mild and moderate stunting and the nonsigni®cant positive association between severe wasting and febrile cough, all after adjusting for covariates, are in accordance with ®ndings from other community-based studies (Tupasi et al, 1988(Tupasi et al, , 1990Smith et al, 1991;Ballard et al, 1995;Zaman et al, 1996). Among Filipino preschool-children, being moderately underweight was associated with acute respiratory infections (ARI) and substantially more so with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) than being normally nourished children (Tupasi et al, 1988(Tupasi et al, , 1990.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 87%
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“…The observed signi®cant positive associations between underweight, mild and moderate stunting and the nonsigni®cant positive association between severe wasting and febrile cough, all after adjusting for covariates, are in accordance with ®ndings from other community-based studies (Tupasi et al, 1988(Tupasi et al, , 1990Smith et al, 1991;Ballard et al, 1995;Zaman et al, 1996). Among Filipino preschool-children, being moderately underweight was associated with acute respiratory infections (ARI) and substantially more so with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) than being normally nourished children (Tupasi et al, 1988(Tupasi et al, , 1990.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 87%
“…Signi®cant positive associations have been observed between stunting and wasting and the incidence (Tupasi et al, 1988(Tupasi et al, , 1990Ballard et al, 1995;Smith et al, 1991) or duration of respiratory infections (James, 1972). Such associations were not found in a study in Southern Ethiopia (Lindtjùrn et al, 1993).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…As crianças estudadas e submetidas às condições habitacionais precárias, com maior aglomeração de pessoas dormindo no mesmo quarto e com antecedentes mórbidos do trato respiratório apresentaram, se comparadas com as não expostas a esses fatores, incidências mais elevadas de IRA. Estudos realizados em países não industrializados têm apontado a associação desses fatores com o aumento de pneumonias que requerem tratamento hospitalar 22,25 .…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…O diferencial verificado nas incidências por faixa etária obedecem o mesmo padrão encontrado em diversos relatos da literatura 8,13,14,18,20,25 . A variabilidade da incidência por faixa etária está condicionada, ao menos em parte, à situação imunitária do hospedeiro e ao predomínio de diferentes agentes infecciosos em grupos etários distintos 10 .…”
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