Determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has been jeopardizing the global effort to prevent and control tuberculosis (TB). However, data on MDR-TB in Ethiopia in general, and in our study area in particular, are very scarce. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of MDR-TB in a cohort of patients managed in two referral hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between April 1, 2013 and June 30, 2013. A health facility-based case–control study was conducted. A total of 710 TB patients (229 confirmed MDR-TB and 481 drug susceptible TB patients) were enrolled in this study. Identified independent determinants for MDR-TB were contact history with a known TB patient (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.3), previous history of TB treatment (AOR: 11.9, 95% CI: 6.8–21), history of hospitalization (AOR: 4.4 95% CI: 2.2–7.8), sputum-smear positivity (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.4), and social stigma (AOR: 5.1, 95% CI: 1.8–14.4). These identified factors should be considered for use in MDR-TB screening tool development if universal drug susceptibility testing is not possible. Moreover, TB infection control practices in health care settings should be further strengthened. As factors may vary from region to region, further broader studies need to be conducted in other parts of Ethiopia.

Predictor of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in southwestern part of Ethiopia: a case control study

“…In current study absence of disclosure of the previous infection by patient had three times more chance of development of MDR-TB than those who disclose their infection status. Similar finding was observed in studies conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [ 18 ], and Nepal [ 4 ]. Patients conceal their infection status mostly due to fear of stigma and lack of support from their relatives.…”

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Analysis of Continuous Surveillance Data from 2007 to 2016

“…The proportion is more than half of the cases. This situation is encountered in most countries with few laboratory units that can screen for MDR-TB in developing countries [26] [30]. In some African countries, an organized system of sample transport has been put in place using all the ways (road, rail and air) where the infrastructure permits.…”

Tef Yield Response to NPS Fertilizer and Methods of Sowing in East Shewa, Ethiopia

“…This practice reduces the amount of grain production, promotes competition among plants for inputs and causes severe lodging; which is the main cause for low yield of tef due to high plant density (Fufa et al, 2011).Using the technology of row planting or transplanting, weeding can be done much more readily and the lodging incidence is reduced (Chanyalew and Kebede, 2013).Thus, it is important to develop an appropriate sowing method and balanced mineral NPS fertilizer application recommendations in the study area for enhancing productivity of the crop and food security. However, limited research has been done to elucidate the response of tef variety to mineral NPS fertilizer application and method of sowing in the study area.…”