“…( Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone synthesized in cardiac atria and released into the circulation exerting relevant natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilatory effects (1). Elevated ANP levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the general population (2)(3)(4) and with increased mortality in patients with heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and stroke (5,6). The rs5065 ANP gene variant, corresponding to a T to C substitution at position 2238 of the pre-proANP gene, leads to an alteration of ANP primary sequence and translates into an altered ANP peptide.…”