“…EDT has been widely used in various domains to determine why users or consumers do not continue paying attention, using services, or even purchasing products (e.g. Spiller et al, 2007;Wu et al, 2019;Miranda et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2022;Agnihotri et al, 2023). Particularly, perceived no-value of service is one of the most important causes of dissatisfaction, expressed as unhappiness, frustration, distortion, anger, unkindness, inconsistency, depression, disappointment, ignorance, and/or interaction inadequacy (Zhu et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2022).…”