Determinants of Obesity in Italian Adults: The Role of Taste Sensitivity, Food Liking, and Food Neophobia

Proserpio, Cristina; Laureati, Monica; Bertoli, Simona; Battezzati, Alberto; Pagliarini, E.

doi:10.1093/chemse/bjv072

Cited by 71 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Recent reports found that humans with obesity and rodents fed highly palatable diets have a dulled sense of sweet taste (Bartoshuk et al, 2006; Berthoud and Zheng, 2012; Overberg et al, 2012; Pasquet et al, 2007; Proserpio et al, 2016; Sartor et al, 2011). However, it is unclear whether this reduction is a metabolic consequence of obesity or an effect of diet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How these foods promote eating is still an open question with obvious public health implications. Changes in taste sensation with dietary sugar or obesity have been examined in humans, but no consensus has been reached on their role in feeding behavior and obesity (Bartoshuk et al, 2006; Berthoud and Zheng, 2012; Grinker, 1978; Hardikar et al, 2017; Overberg et al, 2012; Pasquet et al, 2007; Proserpio et al, 2016; Sartor et al, 2011; Thompson et al, 1977). Studies in rodent models found changes in behavior and physiology consistent with a decrease in taste function with diet-induced obesity, but did not draw a causal connection between the two (Chevrot et al, 2013; Kaufman et al, 2018; Maliphol et al, 2013; Ozdener et al, 2014; Robinson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this hypothesis does not fit with a growing body of evidence that associates obesity with reduced taste perceptions (Bartoshuk et al, 2006; Berthoud and Zheng, 2012; Rodin et al, 1976). Specifically, obesity has been associated with lower sweetness intensity (Bartoshuk et al, 2006; Overberg et al, 2012; Sartor et al, 2011) and sensitivity to sweet (Proserpio et al, 2016), umami (Pepino et al, 2010), monosodium glutamate (MSG; Donaldson et al, 2009), and salt (Simchen et al, 2006; Skrandies and Zschieschang, 2015). However, other studies reported no or opposite associations between BMI and taste sensitivity (Donaldson et al, 2009; Grinker, 1978; Hardikar et al, 2017; Thompson et al, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Dietary Sugar Reshapes Sweet Taste to Promote Feeding Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2019

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SUMMARY Recent studies find that sugar tastes less intense to humans with obesity, but whether this sensory change is a cause or a consequence of obesity is unclear. To tackle this question, we study the effects of a high sugar diet on sweet taste sensation and feeding behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. On this diet, fruit flies have lower taste responses to sweet stimuli, overconsume food, and develop obesity. Excess dietary sugar, but not obesity or dietary sweetness alone, caused taste deficits and overeating via the cell-autonomous action of the sugar sensor O-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) in the sweet-sensing neurons. Correcting taste deficits by manipulating the excitability of the sweet gustatory neurons or the levels of OGT protected animals from diet-induced obesity. Our work demonstrates that the reshaping of sweet taste sensation by excess dietary sugar drives obesity and highlights the role of glucose metabolism in neural activity and behavior.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Dietary Sugar Reshapes Sweet Taste to Promote Feeding Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2019

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“…It is unknown whether the continuous overexposure to food in the gut of obese patients affects the sensitivity of bitter and sweet taste receptors of the ghrelin cell and is a contributing factor in the disturbed regulation of ghrelin secretion. At least in the tongue, obese subjects have a higher detection threshold for bitter (23–26), whereas sweet taste sensitivity has been reported to be higher (27), not changed (23, 28), or even lower (25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Obesity alters adrenergic and chemosensory signaling pathways that regulate ghrelin secretion in the human gut

et al. 2019

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Chemosensory signaling in organs such as the mouth and gut contributes to the mechanisms that control metabolism. We investigated the chemosensory pathways that regulate secretion of the hunger hormone ghrelin in response to neurotransmitters, bitter and sweet tastants at the cellular level in the human gut mucosa, and the disturbances in this regulatory pathway induced by obesity. Obesity impaired ghrelin protein production and adrenalin‐induced ghrelin secretion in fundic cells, which was counterbalanced by somatostatin. Bitter agonists selective for taste receptor type 2 (TAS2Rs), TAS2R5 and TAS2R10 stimulated ghrelin secretion in fundic cells. The stimulatory effect of the broadly tuned bitter agonist, denatonium benzoate, was selectively blunted by obesity in the small intestine but not in the fundus. Luminal glucose concentrations inhibited ghrelin secretion via sodium‐dependent glucose cotransporter and taste receptor type 1 member 3. Obesity altered the sensitivity of the ghrelin cell to glucose in the small intestine but not in the fundus. Sweet taste receptor activation inhibited bitter taste signaling of the ghrelin cell. In conclusion, obesity impairs the sympathetic drive that controls ghrelin release in the fundus and affects the sensitivity of the ghrelin cell to bitter and sweet stimuli in the small intestine but not in the fundus. Region‐selective targeting of gut taste receptors in obesity is indicated.—Wang, Q., Liszt, K. I., Deloose, E., Canovai, E., Thijs, T., Farré, R., Ceulemans, L. J., Lannoo, M., Tack, J., Depoortere, I. Obesity alters adrenergic and chemosensory signaling pathways that regulate ghrelin secretion in the human gut. FASEB J. 33, 4907–4920 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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“…On the other hand, the relationship between weight status and sweet, salty, sour, or bitter tastes is still unclear , though participants with obesity seem to be less sensitive to sweet and bitter tastes than participants with normal weight . In obesity, ghrelin levels are downregulated as an adaptation to positive energy balance , while GLP‐1 response to food consumption is often blunted in participants with obesity compared with their lean counterparts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Meal Acceptability on Postprandial Appetite Scores and Hormones of Male Participants with Varied Adiposity

Helou

Obeid

Olabi

2019

Obesity

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Objective This study portrays the effect of hedonic manipulation (high acceptability [HA] vs. low acceptability [LA]) on postprandial hormones and appetite scores in healthy males. Methods Thirty participants (15 with normal weight and 15 with obesity) were recruited for a randomized, crossover design. They were randomly assigned to the HA or LA (with acesulfame‐K) custard. Blood samples were drawn before the meals and for 4 hours after the meals and were analyzed for glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP‐1). Appetite scores and subsequent energy intake were recorded. Results Postprandial glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were different according to adiposity, whereas meal acceptability did not correspond to any significant difference in postprandial glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and GLP‐1 concentrations. Appetite scores showed lower hunger, higher satiety, and fullness after the HA meal without a significant difference between the meals. Subsequent energy intake, expressed as a percentage of the resting energy expenditure, was higher in participants with obesity but did not reflect postprandial hormones and appetite scores; there was no significant difference between meals. Conclusions Hedonic properties and palatability do not affect gut hormones, mainly ghrelin and GLP‐1. Moreover, their postprandial concentrations were not paralleled by similar changes in appetite scores, and both were not found to affect subsequent intake.

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Determinants of Obesity in Italian Adults: The Role of Taste Sensitivity, Food Liking, and Food Neophobia

Cited by 71 publications

References 53 publications

High Dietary Sugar Reshapes Sweet Taste to Promote Feeding Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

High Dietary Sugar Reshapes Sweet Taste to Promote Feeding Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Obesity alters adrenergic and chemosensory signaling pathways that regulate ghrelin secretion in the human gut

Effect of Meal Acceptability on Postprandial Appetite Scores and Hormones of Male Participants with Varied Adiposity

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