“…Although few studies have determined whether differences in elemental composition of otoliths of fish occur among estuaries, many studies have found differences in elemental composition among locations and these have been used in infer differences in stock structure (Edmonds et al 1989, 1991, 1992, Campana et al 1994, 1995, Begg et al 1998, pollution regimes (Dove & Kingsford 1998) and natural tags of area of origin for juveniles , Thorrold et al 1998a. Some of these studies have also sampled at smaller spatial scales (sites within a location usually separated by hundreds of metres to kilometres), but results are mixed in that some studies have found within location differences (e.g.…”