Determinants of pre‐eclampsia among pregnant women attending perinatal care in hospitals of the Omo district, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Pre‐eclampsia is estimated to cause 70 000 maternal death globally every year, with the majority of deaths in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In Ethiopia, pre‐eclampsia causes 16% of direct maternal deaths. Despite the high burden of disease, pre‐eclampsia remains poorly studied in low and middle‐income countries. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors for pre‐eclampsia in pregnant women attending hospitals in the Omo district of Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected via face‐to‐face interviews. Logistic regression analysis was computed to examine the relationship between the independent variable and pre‐eclampsia. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) excluding 1 in the multivariable analysis was considered to identify factors associated with pre‐eclampsia at a p‐value of <0.05. A total of 167 cases and 352 controls were included. Factors that were found to have a statistically significant association with pre‐eclampsia were primary relatives who had a history of chronic hypertension (AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.06‐4.21), family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.07‐5.20), preterm gestation (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05‐2.32), and pre‐conception smoking exposure (AOR = 4.16, 95% CI: 1.1‐15.4). The study identified that a family history of chronic illnesses and diabetes mellitus, preterm gestation, and smoking exposure before conception were the risk factors for pre‐eclampsia. Presumably, addressing the identified risk factors may give further insight into where interventions and resources should be focused, as well as having an understanding of the burden of disease.

Differences in epidemiology of patients with preeclampsia between China and the US (Review)

“…Various studies have explored the relationship of PE with advanced age of the mother ( 33 , 34 ). The risk of PE rises in an exponential manner with maternal age, particularly in females above the age of 40 years ( 35 ).…”

“…The advanced maternal age (AMA) in China and the US over recent years was then compared. The usual definition of AMA is any pregnancy occurring when the mother's age exceeds 35 years ( 33 , 34 ). Fig.…”

Determinants of Preeclampsia Among Pregnant Women in Public Hospitals of Wolaita and Dawuro Zones, Southern Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study

“…The finding was comparable with studies done in Ethiopia. 18 This may be due to the fact that high levels of plasma triglycerides cause endothelial cells to accumulate triglycerides in diabetic women, resulting in endothelial cell dysfunction and a predisposition to high blood pressure. 19 …”

The determinants of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia

“…Table 3 provides the basic characteristics of the included studies. Our analysis included 13 published studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Six studies were case-control and 7 studies were cohort.…”