Determinants of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety among Women Attending Antenatal Checkup at Public Health Institutions in Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background. Pregnancy-related anxiety has been associated with many pregnancy adverse outcomes including preterm birth, low birth weight, postpartum depression, and resulting in long-term sequels on the child’s emotional, cognitive, and behavioral development. This study is aimed at assessing the magnitude of pregnancy-related anxiety and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal checkup at Debre Markos town public health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 pregnant women at Debre Markos town, Northwest Ethiopia, from February 1st to March 30th, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected sing a structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered with Epi-data version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 23. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify significantly associated variables with pregnancy-related anxiety. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p value of ≤0.05 was used to claim statistical association. Result. In this study, a total of 408 pregnant women participated, giving a 96.4% response rate. The prevalence of pregnancy-related anxiety was found to be 43.9% (95% CI: 39.5, 49.2). Having no formal education ( AOR = 3.37 ; 95% CI: 1.32, 8.58), primigravida ( AOR = 1.94 ; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.24), intimate partner violence ( AOR = 2.88 ; 95% CI: 1.47, 5.64), and poor social support ( AOR = 2.05 ; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.56) was significantly associated with pregnancy-related anxiety. Conclusion. In this study, the prevalence of pregnancy-related anxiety was found to be high when compared to other study findings. The regional educational department should give emphasis for gender pedagogies which pay attention to the specific learning needs of girls. In addition, interventions on violence against women and social support for the women may reduce the problem.

Effect of biological, psychological, and social factors on maternal depressive symptoms in late pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

“…This study found that poor social support was associated with maternal depressive symptoms in late pregnancy. This is similar to previous findings that poor social support is significantly associated with anxiety in pregnant women ( 52 ). Moreover, poor social support can lead to a lack of information, tools, and emotional sources, and can make pregnant women feel isolated and lonely, which can predispose them to depressive symptoms.…”

Perinatal anxiety and depression amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

“…There are only few studies measuring prevalence of anxiety during pandemic. The prevalence in our study was almost double than pre-pandemic, 42%, but it was similar to an Ethiopian and a Poland study (59) (60).…”

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety: A Systematic Review

“…Our study indicated that anxiety disorders are common during pregnancy and that prevalence rates of anxiety disorders during pregnancy vary considerably between various studies. Prevalence rates of anxiety during pregnancy were reported in six studies (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) and ranged from 10.4% in Qatar (22) to as high as 70.3% in Lebanon (26). This wide variation in prevalence of anxiety during pregnancy may reflect the impact of other additional factors beside pregnancy.…”