Determinants of rain-forest floristic variation on an altitudinal gradient in southern Costa Rica

Chain‐Guadarrama, Adina; Finegan, Bryan; Vílchez, Sergio; Casanoves, Fernando

doi:10.1017/s0266467412000521

Cited by 25 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Aunque los rangos altitudinales son moderados y no superan los 600 m de diferencia altitudinal, se evidencia una correlación negativa entre altitud y temperatura según el análisis de componentes principales (figura 6). Esta asociación es común en gradientes altitudinales amplias o moderadas dentro de la región tropical (Báez et al 2015, Chain-Guadarrama et al 2012. Bajo esta variación se describieron mayores valores en riqueza y diversidad (figura 3) en la comunidad 3, ubicada en sitios con menores temperaturas y mayores altitudes.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Castellanos-Castro y Newton (2015) encontraron que el potasio, pH, nitrógeno y el sodio del suelo explican significativamente la variación florísti-ca y distribución altitudinal de especies arbóreas (Unger et al 2012). Esta variación florística también es explicada por la distancia geográfica que influye en la limitación o facilitación de la dispersión de especies (Chust et al 2006, Chain-Guadarrama et al 2012. En los bosques andinos de Sudamérica el incremento del área basal está relacionada negativamente con la altitud y posibles efectos de las bajas temperaturas que influyen sobre el metabolismo fotosinté-tico de las plantas (Báez et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Comunidades forestales en bosques secundarios alto-andinos (Azuay, Ecuador)

et al. 2017

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SUMMARYIn the Andean mountains of southern Ecuador there are areas occupied by high Andean secondary forests as a consequence of anthropic activities. Here we identify different secondary forest communities located over 2900 m a.s.l, based on its floristic similarity. In each community, floristic composition was described by the total exclusive and shared species. Estimation curves were used to provide richness and diversity metrics. The structure was analyzed according to abundance and basal area. In addition, we evaluated the role of environmental variables in floristic conformation and structure through principal components and the redundancy analysis. Three forest communities were identified. Community, located at high altitude and low temperature, had the highest value of diversity and basal area. Variation in species composition was explained by climatic and geographic variables, density by soil and climatic variables, and basal area by topographic variables. Species richness and basal area did not present an altitudinal distribution pattern similar to those from other Andean tropical forests. Therefore, the floristic variation, species richness and basal area seem to be explained by the chronological age of secondary succession, as evidenced by the indicator species belonging to different ecological groups. We concluded that the floristic composition, richness and structure of vegetation in forest communities of high Andean secondary forests are influenced by climatic, topographic, physiographic and geographic variables related to the age of succession.Key words: altitude, floristic composition, ecological guilds, structure, succession, tropical forest. RESUMENEn las montañas del sur del Ecuador existen áreas ocupadas por bosques secundarios alto andinos formados por consecuencia de actividades antrópicas. Aquí se identificaron diferentes comunidades de bosques secundarios ubicados sobre 2.900 m s.n.m, con base a su similitud florística. En cada comunidad se describió la composición florística mediante las especies totales, exclusivas y compartidas. Se usaron curvas de estimación para proporcionar métricas de riqueza y diversidad. Se analizó la estructura según la abundancia y área basal. Además, se evaluó el papel que cumplen las variables ambientales en explicar la conformación florística y estructura a través de análisis en componentes principales y de redundancia. Se identificaron tres comunidades forestales. El mayor valor en diversidad y área basal fue para la comunidad ubicada a mayor altitud y menor temperatura. La variación en la composición de especies fue explicada por variables ambientales de clima y geográficas, la densidad por variables edáficas y climáticas, y el área basal por variables topográficas. La riqueza de especies y área basal no presentaron patrón de distribución altitudinal similar con otros bosques tropicales andinos. Por lo tanto, se dedujo que la variación florística, riqueza de especies y área basal también son explicadas por la edad cronológica de sucesión secundaria, como ...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Comunidades forestales en bosques secundarios alto-andinos (Azuay, Ecuador)

et al. 2017

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“…The composition of plant species is a floristic list of plant species that exist in a community (Koike, 2010;Guadarrama et al, 2012;Carim et al, 2015). The results showed the number of species, genera, and families of vegetation present in plots varied by land type, both at the tree level (height >1.5 m) and at the level of low seedlings/plants (Fig.…”

Section: Species Composition Of Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa farming patterns for sustainability of Indonesia Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP)

Muhardi¹,

Effendy²

2017

Aust J Crop Sci

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This research assesses the effects of different patterns of cocoa farming at the margin areas of Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) forest by estimating species richness, density of vegetation, biomass potential, litter production, litter decomposition rates and farming income. Research was conducted in the LLNP, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Five patterns of cocoa farming systems were considered: cocoa farming + mixed wood trees (agroforestry complex), cocoa farming + fruit trees (agroforestry simple), cocoa farming + candlenut trees (agroforestry simple), cocoa farming + teak trees (agroforestry simple), and monoculture cocoa farming. Five sample plots were made in each cocoa-farming pattern, sized 20 x 20 m for tree vegetation sampling. Subplots of 10 x 10 m, 5 x 5 m, and 2 x 2 m were used to sample vegetation at earlier growth stages. The results showed that using a pattern of cocoa + mixed wood trees (agroforestry complex) produced the highest biomass. A pattern of cocoa + candlenut gave the highest average income per year, but the pattern of cocoa + mixed wood trees did differ significantly from that using candlenut. It is suggested that cocoa farming with mixed wood trees (agroforestry complex) along the perimeter of the LLNP forest will support the sustainability in biodiversity, water catchment areas and disaster control.

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“…Thus, Kitayama (1992) identified four altitudinal vegetation zones on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, made up by "mutually exclusive" groups of species. The strong correlations between altitude, climate, and other environmental factors, especially soil, continue to represent a major challenge to complete understanding of the response of forest vegetation to altitude (Chain-Guadarrama, Finegan, Vilchez, & Casanoves, 2012;Grubb, 1977;Malhi et al, 2010). On the other hand, Lieberman, Lieberman, Peralta, and Hartshorn (1996), suggested that rain forest composition varies linearly with altitude over a 100 m to 2,600 m asl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of tropical rainforest composition and alpha diversity patterns over a 2,520 m altitudinal gradient

Veintimilla

Bieng

Delgado

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Aim We sought to determine the relationship of forest composition and alpha diversity (the species diversity of a local assemblage) to altitude, soil, and spatial factors over a 440–2,950 m a.s.l gradient. Location Altitudinal gradient on the Caribbean slope of the Talamanca Cordillera, Costa Rica. Taxon Angiosperm and gymnosperm trees, palms, and tree ferns. Methods We measured and identified all stems ≥10 cm dbh in 32 0.25‐ha undisturbed rain forest plots over the gradient. We determined compositional patterns using Non‐Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) ordination, and used linear regressions to explore the relationship between four alpha diversity metrics and altitude. With variation partitioning (VARPART), we determined the compositional variation explained by altitude, soil, and spatial variables quantified using Principle Components of Neighbor matrices. Results We identified 425 species. NMS axis 1 separated a lowland zone (440–1,120 m asl) from a transitional one dominated by holarctic Oreomunnea mexicana (1,400–1,600 m asl) and Quercus‐dominated forests at altitudes >2,100 m asl. The lowland zone was separated into two clusters of plots on NMS axis 2, the first in the 430–620 m asl range and the second at 1,000–1,120 masl. Regressions showed that all alpha diversity metrics were strongly negatively related to altitude (R2 > 0.78). Overall, adjusted R2 from VARPART was 0.43, with 0.30, 0.21, and 0.17 for altitude, soil, and space respectively. The respective adjusted R2 of individual matrices, on controlling for the other two, was 0.06, 0.05 and 0.09 (p < 0.001). Main conclusions There are two well‐defined forest compositional zones on this gradient—lowlands 430–1,120 m asl and montane forests >2,150 m asl—with a transitional zone at 1,400–1,600 m asl, where lowland tropical and montane holarctic species are found together. Montane forests are very distinct in their composition and low alpha diversity. Vegetation and soil respond to altitude, and therefore temperature, as an integrated system, a model that goes beyond niche assembly as shown by the significant effect of space in the VARPART.

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Determinants of rain-forest floristic variation on an altitudinal gradient in southern Costa Rica

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Comunidades forestales en bosques secundarios alto-andinos (Azuay, Ecuador)

Comunidades forestales en bosques secundarios alto-andinos (Azuay, Ecuador)

Cocoa farming patterns for sustainability of Indonesia Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP)

Drivers of tropical rainforest composition and alpha diversity patterns over a 2,520 m altitudinal gradient

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