Determinants of Relapse: Implications for Treatment

Marlatt, G. Alan; Friedman, Lisa F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3614-3_137

Cited by 302 publications

(451 citation statements)

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“…Blood pressure was measured following the American Heart Association protocol. 12 Weight was measured on an electronic scale designed for heavier weights (Siemens Medical Solutions, Malvern, PA, USA) and height was measured using a standard stadiometer. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms, divided by height in meters squared.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and weight loss

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE: Elevated macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been implicated as a causal mechanism in a number of disease conditions including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and cancer. Excess body fat is associated with an increased risk of numerous health conditions including CVD, diabetes, and cancer. To our knowledge, the association between MIF and obesity status and the effect of weight loss on serum MIF concentrations have not been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of participation in a behavior-based weight loss program on MIF concentrations in obese individuals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and weight loss

et al. 2005

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“…Blood pressure measurements were obtained using mercury manometers following the American Heart Association protocol (7). Men who reported a history of physician-diagnosed hypertension were classified as hypertensive.…”

Section: Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Capacity and Body Composition as Predictors of Mortality Among Men With Diabetes

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE -To quantify the relation of fitness to mortality among men with diabetes, adjusted for BMI and within levels of BMI.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -In this observational cohort study, we calculated all-cause death rates in men with diabetes across quartiles of fitness and BMI categories. Study participants were 2,196 men with diabetes (average age 49.3 years, SD 9.5) who underwent a medical examination, including a maximal exercise test, during 1970 to 1995, with mortality follow-up to 31 December 1996.RESULTS -We identified 275 deaths during 32,161 person-years of observation. Risk of all-cause mortality was inversely related to fitness. For example, in the fully adjusted model, the risk of mortality was 4.5 (2.6 -7.6), 2.8 (1.6 -4.7), and 1.6 (0.93-2.76) for the first, second, and third fitness quartiles, respectively, with the fourth quartile (highest fitness level) as the referent (P for trend Ͻ0.0001). There was no significant trend across BMI categories for mortality after adjustment for fitness. Similar results were found when the fitness-mortality relation was examined within levels of body composition. In normal-weight men with diabetes, the relative risks of mortality were 6.6 (2.8 -15.0), 3.2 (1.4 -7.0), and 2.2 (1.1-4.6) for the first, second, and third quartiles of fitness, respectively, as compared with the fourth quartile (P for trend Ͻ0.0001). We found similar results in the overweight and obese weight categories.CONCLUSIONS -There was a steep inverse gradient between fitness and mortality in this cohort of men with documented diabetes, and this association was independent of BMI. Diabetes Care 27:83-88, 2004W hile the importance of physical activity and weight loss in the prevention of diabetes is now well established by randomized clinical trials, few studies have examined the relative contribution of weight and physical activity on morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes (1,2). A better understanding of the relative contributions of weight control and physical activity to mortality may guide clinical recommendations.We previously reported that low cardiorespiratory fitness and physical inactivity are independent predictors of allcause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in men with type 2 diabetes (3). However, this study examined these exposures in multivariable models and, thus, did not allow for evaluation of the relative values of physical activity, fitness, or weight as mortality predictors. We have performed additional follow-up and can now extend our previous work by examining the relation of fitness and mortality within BMI categories.The primary aims of this study of men with diabetes were to examine 1) the risk of mortality associated with fitness and BMI when examined as continuous and categorical variables and 2) the doseresponse relationship between fitness and mortality both with adjustment for BMI and within levels of BMI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The Aerobics CenterLongitudinal Study (ACLS) is a prospective epidemiologic investigation. Participan...

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“…Marlatt has developed two versions of this important construct. His first definition of the A VE contains a cognitive dissonance effect and an attribution concerning the cause of the 17 lapse (Marlatt & Gordon, 1980 (Marlatt & Gordon, 1985). In the most recent version of Marlatt's theory, the A VB is seen as having two major components, an attribution as to the cause of the lapse and the affective reaction to this attribution (George & Marlatt, 1989;Marlatt & Gordon, 1985).…”

Section: From a Lapse To Relapsementioning

confidence: 99%