Determinants of salivary cotinine level: a population-based study in Brazil

Figueiredo, Valeska Carvalho; Szklo, Moysés; Szklo, André Salem; Benowitz, Neal L.; Lozana, José Azevedo; Casado, Letícia; Masson, Elaine; Samet, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1590/s0034-89102006005000048

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Then, the association between smoking categories and cotinine levels was assessed by using a generalized linear model (GLM) with gamma distribution, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and country (because nicotine contents may differ among brands of cigarettes). It has been reported that age, sex, and BMI modify the relationship of number of cigarettes to cotinine (15,16). BMI was considered as a confounder because subjects with a higher BMI tend to exhibit lower cotinine concentrations, possibly because of the distribution of cotinine into a bigger volume of blood (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This biomarker has been linked to several modulating factors, including gender, body mass index (BMI), race, number of cigarettes, types of cigarette, filter, and the way the product is smoked (15,16). Picket and colleagues (17) have compared serum cotinine levels in nonsmokers living under extensive, limited, and no coverage smoke-free laws in different locations in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking, Secondhand Smoke, and Cotinine Levels in a Subset of EPIC Cohort

Baltar

Xun

Chuang

et al. 2011

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Several countries are discussing new legislation regarding the ban on smoking in public places, based on the growing evidence of the hazards of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. The objective of the present study is to quantitatively assess the relationship between smoking, SHS, and serum cotinine levels in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.Methods: From a study on lung cancer in the EPIC cohort, questionnaire information on smoking was collected at enrolment, and cotinine was measured in serum. Three statistical models were applied by using samples available in a cross-section design: (i) cotinine levels by categories combining smoking and SHS (n ¼ 859); (ii) the effect of hours of passive smoking exposure in nonsmokers only (n ¼ 107); (iii) the effect of the number of cigarettes consumed per day in current smokers only (n ¼ 832). All models were adjusted for country, sex, age, and body mass index.Results: Among nonsmokers, passive smokers presented significant differences in cotinine compared with nonexposed, with a marked (but not significant) difference among former-smokers. A one hour per day increment of SHS gave rise to a significant 2.58 nmol/L (0.45 ng/mL) increase in mean serum cotinine (P < 0.001). In current smokers, a one cigarette per day increment gave rise to a significant 22.44 nmol/L (3.95 ng/ mL) increase in cotinine mean (P < 0.001).Conclusions: There is clear evidence that not only tobacco smoking but also involuntary exposure increases cotinine levels.Impact: This study strengthens the evidence for the benefits of a smoking ban in public places. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 869-75. Ó2011 AACR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, Secondhand Smoke, and Cotinine Levels in a Subset of EPIC Cohort

Baltar

Xun

Chuang

et al. 2011

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Smokers who consume cigarettes immediately after waking have higher blood cotinine levels than smokers who refrain from smoking a half hour or more after waking (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The levels of cotinine are about twice as high in smokers who smoke within 5 minutes after waking than in smokers who waited for an hour or more after adjusting for the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to First Cigarette and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol (NNAL) Levels in Adult Smokers; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007–2010

Branstetter

Muscat

2013

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: The time to first cigarette (TTFC) is a good indicator of several dimensions of nicotine dependence. An early TTFC is also associated with increased lung and oral cancer risk. Our objective was to determine the relationship between TTFC and exposure to tobacco smoke carcinogens.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative subsample of smoking adults that had urinary samples analyzed for tobacco biomarkers. The study included 1,945 participants from the 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey. The main outcome measure was creatinine-adjusted urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) levels.Results: The cigarette-per-day adjusted levels of NNAL were twice as high in participants who smoked within 5 minutes after waking than in participants who refrained from smoking for at least 1 hour (0.58 vs. 0.28 ng/mL, P < 0.001). In multivariate linear models, a shorter TTFC was significantly associated with increasing NNAL levels, after adjusting for cigarettes smoked per day (or cotinine), secondhand smoke exposure, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and other potential confounders.Conclusions: These data show that in a nationally representative sample, there is a dose-dependent relationship between earlier smoking in the day and higher biologic exposure to a tobacco smoke carcinogen.Impact: Our study provides further evidence that highlights the relationship between TTFC, nicotine dependence, and cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(4); 615-22. Ó2013 AACR.

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“…Higher levels of dependence may be related to a higher consumption of nicotine and, consequently, higher levels of cotinine 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measure nicotine dependence by the fagerström test for nicotine dependence

Weber

Hatschbach

Pithan

et al. 2017

RGO, Rev. Gaúch. Odontol.

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Objective To assess the level of nicotine dependence of smokers in a university dental clinic in southern Brazil using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and identify those who would like to quit smoking. Methods Results The mean age of the smokers was 47.90 and most had had up to eight years of schooling, and had a family income of less than 1,000 Brazilian Reais. The degree of nicotine dependence was classified, by the mean, 4.45 ± 2.53 points (±SD). There was a significant correlation between nicotine dependence and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. ConclusionThe 1% sodium hypochlorite solution caused least damage to the denture structure, not leading to decrease of the superficial microhardness. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico, com amostragem probabilística, composta por 93 adultos de ambos os sexos. Utilizou-se o Teste de Fagerström para Dependência de Nicotina e as informações foram coletadas por quatro pesquisadores. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial (Qui-quadrado), sendo empregado o nível de significância de 5%). ResultadosOs fumantes apresentaram média de idade de 47,90 anos, sendo que a maioria possui até ensino fundamental e renda familiar de 1000 reais. O grau de dependência nicotínica foi classificado, em média, como escore de 4,45 ± 2,53 pontos (± dp). Houve associação entre nível de dependência e número de cigarros fumados por dia. ConclusãoPode-se concluir que 36,6% da amostra apresentam dependência elevada ou muito elevada. Esse grupo pode necessitar de terapia medicamentosa para auxiliar na cessação do tabagismo, salientando-se a importância dos grupos de apoio com esse fim, uma vez que 95% da amostra gostaria de parar de fumar.

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Determinants of salivary cotinine level: a population-based study in Brazil

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Smoking, Secondhand Smoke, and Cotinine Levels in a Subset of EPIC Cohort

Smoking, Secondhand Smoke, and Cotinine Levels in a Subset of EPIC Cohort

Time to First Cigarette and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol (NNAL) Levels in Adult Smokers; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007–2010

Measure nicotine dependence by the fagerström test for nicotine dependence

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