Determinants of Soil Microbial Communities: Effects of Agricultural Management, Season, and Soil Type on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles

Bossio, Deborah A.; Scow, Kate M.; Gunapala, Nirmala; Graham, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1007/s002489900087

Cited by 927 publications

(455 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previous farming system comparisons have indicated soil type as opposed to management as a greater determining factor on microbial activity and diversity (Bossio et al, 1998;Girvan et al, 2003). These studies did not include systems using fumigants, and some managements were only in place for 1-2 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil type and farm management on soil ecological functional genes and microbial activities

et al. 2010

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Relationships between soil microbial diversity and soil function are the subject of much debate. Process-level analyses have shown that microbial function varies with soil type and responds to soil management. However, such measurements cannot determine the role of community structure and diversity in soil function. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of gene frequency and diversity, measured by microarray analysis, on soil processes. The study was conducted in an agro-ecosystem characterized by contrasting management practices and soil types. Eight pairs of adjacent commercial organic and conventional strawberry fields were matched for soil type, strawberry variety, and all other environmental conditions. Soil physical, chemical and biological analyses were conducted including functional gene microarrays (FGA). Soil physical and chemical characteristics were primarily determined by soil textural type (coarse vs fine-textured), but biological and FGA measures were more influenced by management (organic vs conventional). Organically managed soils consistently showed greater functional activity as well as FGA signal intensity (SI) and diversity. Overall FGA SI and diversity were correlated to total soil microbial biomass. Functional gene group SI and/or diversity were correlated to related soil chemical and biological measures such as microbial biomass, cellulose, dehydrogenase, ammonium and sulfur. Management was the dominant determinant of soil biology as measured by microbial gene frequency and diversity, which paralleled measured microbial processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil type and farm management on soil ecological functional genes and microbial activities

et al. 2010

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“…We analyzed L-asparaginase and ␤-glucosidase as described by Tabatabai (30). PLFA analysis was performed according to the techniques described by Bossio et al (31). Details of analytical procedures for soil organic matter, total N, microbial biomass C and N, and mineralizable N are described elsewhere (19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced nitrate leaching and enhanced denitrifier activity and efficiency in organically fertilized soils

Kramer

Reganold

Glover

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

271

125

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Conventional agriculture has improved in crop yield but at large costs to the environment, particularly off-site pollution from mineral N fertilizers. In response to environmental concerns, organic agriculture has become an increasingly popular option. One component of organic agriculture that remains in question is whether it can reduce agricultural N losses to groundwater and the atmosphere relative to conventional agriculture. Here we report reduced N pollution from organic and integrated farming systems compared with a conventional farming system. We evaluated differences in denitrification potential and a suite of other soil biological and chemical properties in soil samples taken from organic, integrated, and conventional treatments in an experimental apple orchard. Organically farmed soils exhibited higher potential denitrification rates, greater denitrification efficiency, higher organic matter, and greater microbial activity than conventionally farmed soils. The observed differences in denitrifier function were then assessed under field conditions after fertilization. N2O emissions were not significantly different among treatments; however, N2 emissions were highest in organic plots. Annual nitrate leaching was 4.4 -5.6 times higher in conventional plots than in organic plots, with the integrated plots in between. This study demonstrates that organic and integrated fertilization practices support more active and efficient denitrifier communities, shift the balance of N2 emissions and nitrate losses, and reduce environmentally damaging nitrate losses. Although this study specifically examines a perennial orchard system, the ecological and biogeochemical processes we evaluated are present in all agroecosystems, and the reductions in nitrate loss in this study could also be achievable in other cropping systems.denitrification ͉ nitrogen ͉ organic agriculture ͉ sustainable agriculture ͉ integrated farming

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“…The microbial community composition was determined by PLFA analysis (Bossio et al, 1998). Briefly, lipids were extracted from 8 g of soil using a chloroform:methanol:phosphate buffer mixture (1:2:0.8 (v/v/v)) and were separated into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phopholipids using a LC-SiSPE silica column (Anpel Scientific Instrument Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China).…”

Section: Phospholipid Fatty Acid (Plfa) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomarkers were categorized as bacteria (il5:0, al5:0, l5:0, il6:0, 16:1ω7c, il7:0, l7:0, cy17:0, 18:1ω9t and cyl9:0), Gram-positive bacteria (G +, il5:0, al5:0, il6:0 and il7:0), Gram-negative bacteria (G-, 16:1ω7c, cy17:0, 18:1ω9t and cyl9:0), actinomycetes (10Mel6:0 and 10Mel8:0) and fungi (18:1ω9c and 18:2ω6c) (Frostegård and Bååth, 1996;Bossio et al, 1998). However, it should be noted that these are only general associations, as individual PLFAs do not always strictly correspond to specific bacterial or fungal groups (Frostegård et al, 2011).…”

Section: Phospholipid Fatty Acid (Plfa) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of anaerobic to aerobic conditions but not of crop type induced bulk soil microbial community variation in the initial conversion of paddy soils to drained soils

Dai

Yuan

Wang

2016

CATENA

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oSoil microorganisms are the main drivers of all of the biochemical processes that occur in soils. Land-use conversion, a common occurrence driven by market economy, changes plant species and the associated management strategies, thus significantly influences soil microbial communities. However, few studies have been conducted to disentangle the effect of the alteration of plant species from that of soil environment during the initial years of conversion. In this study, the effect of land-use conversion from double rice cropping (RR) to maize-maize (MM) and soybean-peanut (SP) double cropping systems on soil physical and chemical properties and microbial communities was studied two years after the conversion in southern China. The results showed that land use conversion significantly changed the soil properties, microbial communities and microbial biomass. The soil water content decreased significantly by 26.3%, and the pH decreased by 0.50 and 0.52 for MM and SP, respectively, compared with RR. Soil inorganic N also decreased significantly by 55% after the conversion to drained fields. The total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and bacterial, G+, G− and actinomycetic PLFAs decreased significantly after the conversion. No significant differences were found in the soil properties, microbial communities and microbial biomass between the converted MM and SP. Our results indicated that the changes of anaerobic to aerobic conditions, rather than of crop type, induced the variations in the soil properties and microbial communities during the initial years after conversion from paddy soils to drained soils. In particular, soil pH was the key factor that regulated the variations in the soil microbial communities after conversion.

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Determinants of Soil Microbial Communities: Effects of Agricultural Management, Season, and Soil Type on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles

Cited by 927 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of soil type and farm management on soil ecological functional genes and microbial activities

Effects of soil type and farm management on soil ecological functional genes and microbial activities

Reduced nitrate leaching and enhanced denitrifier activity and efficiency in organically fertilized soils

Changes of anaerobic to aerobic conditions but not of crop type induced bulk soil microbial community variation in the initial conversion of paddy soils to drained soils

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