Determinants of Stillbirth Among Deliveries Attended in Bale Zone Hospitals, Oromia Regional State, Southeast Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study

Dagne, Henok Mekonnen; Melku, Abulie Takele; Abdi, Adem Abdurkadir

doi:10.2147/ijwh.s276638

Cited by 15 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Of the 51 studies included, a majority were conducted in Ethiopia (n = 19) [ 40 - 58 ], Nigeria (n = 10) [ 17 , 59 - 67 ] and Bangladesh (n = 7) [ 68 - 74 ] (Table S9 in the Online Supplementary Document ). Four studies were conducted in multiple countries [ 17 , 56 , 57 , 70 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 51 studies included, a majority were conducted in Ethiopia (n = 19) [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58], Nigeria (n = 10) [17,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] and Bangladesh (n = 7) [68][69][70][71][72][73][74] (Table S9 in the Online Supplementary Document). Four studies were conducted in multiple countries [17,56,57,70].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative effects of short birth interval on child mortality in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Methods Eight databases, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Popline, and Maternity and Infant Care, were searched, covering the period of January 2000 to January 2022. Studies that had examined the association between SBI and any form of child mortality were included. The findings of the included studies were summarized through fixed-effects or random-effects meta-analysis and the model was selected based on the heterogeneity index. Results A total of 51 studies were included. Of them, 19 were conducted in Ethiopia, 10 in Nigeria and 7 in Bangladesh. Significant higher likelihoods of stillbirth (odds ratio (OR) = 2.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32-3.38), early neonatal mortality (OR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.04-2.41), perinatal mortality (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.32-2.21), neonatal mortality (OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.68-2.04), post-neonatal mortality (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.43-6.33), infant mortality (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.77-2.07), child mortality (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.27-2.19) and under-five mortality (OR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.56-2.44) were found among babies born in short birth intervals than those who born in normal intervals. Conclusions SBI significantly increases the risk of child mortality in LMICs. Programmes to reduce pregnancies in short intervals need to be expanded and strengthened. Reproductive health interventions aimed at reducing child mortality should include proper counselling on family planning, distribution of appropriate contraceptives and increased awareness of the adverse effects of SBI on maternal and child health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative effects of short birth interval on child mortality in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Inadequate spacing affects the time to restore the physiological needs for the fetus due to placental insufficiency that causes growth restriction [ 50 ]. In supporting this, a study from Bale zone, Ethiopia highlighted higher odds of stillbirth when IPI was < 15 months [ 22 ]. The other from the Amhara region, Ethiopia has reported that birth interval above 36 months (approximately equivalent to IPI > 27 months, subtracting 9 months gestational age) was protective [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A questionnaire was prepared in the English language from existing related literature (published articles and Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS)) based on the study objectives [ 11 , 22 , 26 , 34 ]. The English version was translated to the Amharic version by two native speakers of the Amharic language (one was public health and the other was English language and literature in the profession).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are numerous risk factors for stillbirth, including maternal age < 25 and ≥ 35 years [ 12 , 13 ], no education [ 11 , 14 , 15 ], multiparity [ 14 ], lower number of antenatal care (ANC) [ 12 , 16 ], preeclampsia [ 16 , 17 ], premature rupture of membranes [ 15 ], prematurity [ 13 , 17 , 18 ], low birth weight [ 17 , 19 , 20 ], history of perinatal death [ 16 , 21 ], prolonged labor ≥24 h [ 20 , 22 ], uterine abruption [ 17 , 20 ] and birth interval < 24 months [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia: a community-based prospective cohort study

Jena

Biks

Gete

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Stillbirth is an invisible and poorly understood adverse pregnancy outcome that remains a challenge in clinical practice in low-resource settings. It is also a key concern in Ethiopia where more than half of pregnancies occur shortly after preceding childbirth. Whether the interval between pregnancies has an effect on stillbirth or not is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia. Methods A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 2578 pregnant women and followed until delivery. Baseline data were collected at the household level during registration and enrolment. End-line data were collected from hospitals during delivery. Exposed groups were pregnant women with inter-pregnancy intervals < 18 months and 18–23 months. Unexposed group contains women with inter-pregnancy intervals 24–60 months. A generalized linear model for binary outcome was applied, using R version 4.0.5 software. Relative risk (RR) was used to estimate the effect size with a 95% confidence level. Attributable fraction (AF) and population attributable fraction (PAF) were used to report the public health impact of exposure. Results The overall incidence of stillbirth was 15 per 1000 total births, (95% CI: 11, 20%). However, the incidence was varied across months of inter-pregnancy intervals; 30 (< 18 months), 8 (18–23 months) and 10 (24–60 months) per 1000 total births. The risk of stillbirth was nearly four times (ARR = 3.55, 95%CI: 1.64, 7.68) higher for women with inter-pregnancy interval < 18 months as compared to 24–60 months. This means, about 72% (AF = 72, 95%CI: 39, 87%) of stillbirth among the exposed group (inter-pregnancy interval < 18 months category) and 42% (PAF = 42, 95%CI: 23, 50%) of stillbirth in the study population were attributed to inter-pregnancy interval < 18 months. These could be prevented with an inter-pregnancy interval that is at least 18 months or longer. Conclusions Inter-pregnancy interval under 18 months increases the risk of stillbirth in this population in urban South Ethiopia. Interventions targeting factors contributing to short inter-pregnancy intervals could help in reducing the risk of stillbirth. Improving contraceptive utilization in the community could be one of these interventions.

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Factors associated with peri-neonatal mortality in Sao Tome & Principe: a prospective cohort study

Vasconcelos¹,

Sousa

Bandeira

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Neonatal mortality reduction is a global goal but its factors in high-burden nations vary and are poorly understood. This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting peri-neonatal mortality in Sao Tome & Principe (STP), one of the smallest African countries. Methods Institution-based prospective cohort study conducted at Hospital Dr. Ayres Menezes. Maternal-neonate dyads enrolled were followed up after the 28 th day of life (n=194) for identification of neonatal death-outcome (n=22) and alive-outcome groups (n=172). Data were collected from pregnancy cards, hospital records and face-to-face interviews. After the 28 th day of birth, a phone call was made to evaluate the newborn's health status. A logistic regression model was used to identify the relevant factors associated with mortality, with a level of significance α=0.05. Results The mean GA of the death-outcome and alive-outcome groups was 36 (SD=4.8) and 39 (SD=1.4) weeks, respectively. Death-outcome group (n=22) included sixteen stillbirths, four early and two late neonatal deaths. High-risk pregnancy score [cOR 2.91, 95%CI:1.18-7.22], meconium-stained fluid [cOR 4.38, 95%CI:1.74–10.98], prolonged rupture of membranes [cOR 4.84, 95%CI:1.47–15.93], transfer from another unit [cOR 6.08, 95%CI:1.95–18.90], and instrumental vaginal delivery [cOR 8.90, 95%CI:1.68–47.21], were factors significantly associated with mortality. The odds of experiencing death were higher for newborns with infectious risk, IUGR, resuscitation maneuvers, fetal distress at birth, birth asphyxia, and unit care admission. Female newborn [cOR 0.37, 95%CI:0.14-1.00] and birth weight of more than 2500 g [cOR 0.017, 95%CI:0.002-0.162] were found to be protective factors. In the multivariable model, meconium-stained fluid was significantly associated with death outcome. Conclusion Of the risk factors associated with peri-neonatal mortality in this study, most can be prevented with continuous monitoring of fetal heart and interventions to reduce perinatal asphyxia. Avoiding health-worker-related factors associated with delays in prompt intrapartum care is a key strategy for STP.

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Determinants of Stillbirth Among Deliveries Attended in Bale Zone Hospitals, Oromia Regional State, Southeast Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Negative effects of short birth interval on child mortality in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Negative effects of short birth interval on child mortality in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The effect of inter-pregnancy interval on stillbirth in urban South Ethiopia: a community-based prospective cohort study

Factors associated with peri-neonatal mortality in Sao Tome & Principe: a prospective cohort study

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