“…When these devices were put into general use, secretion management protocols had been standardized but, nevertheless, constituted a dangerous practise. In the early days of mechanical ventilation, suctioning induced hypoxia (Bartlett & Finegold, 1978; Good, Wolz, Anderson, Dreisin & Petty, 1979; Haberman et al ., 1973), arrhythmia (Freedman & Goodman, 1982; Kubota et al ., 1980), and cardiac arrest (Kubota et al ., 1982). Pneumonia often resulted from insufficient left brachial tree suctioning (Hart & Mahutte, 1992).…”