Determinants of Target Organ Damage in Black Hypertensive Patients Attending Primary Health Care Services in Cape Town: The Hi-Hi Study

Abstract

TOD is common in this group of black hypertensive patients attending PHC sites. Uncontrolled HTN and older age were most often associated with TOD. Reducing the burden of TOD will require improving the quality of HTN care in PHC settings.

Prevalence of Target Organ Damage in Hypertensive Subjects Attending Primary Care: C.V.P.C. Study (Epidemiological Cardio- Vascular Study in Primary Care)

“…It is noteworthy, that even at early stages of hypertension TOD is present resulting at increased cardiovascular risk among hypertensive subjects [20,21]. Confirming previous studies, we showed that LVH was the most prevalent TOD in hypertensive subjects [13,[15][16][17] followed by renal impairment [13,19].…”

“…Studies from different populations have demonstrated a high percentage of TOD among hypertensive subjects [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Studies from the U.S.A. [13], Africa [14][15][16][17] and Europe [18,19] have showed high prevalence of TOD in hypertensive subjects. In addition, in African hypertensive subjects, males had higher odds of developing TOD compared to females [14].…”

Elevated risk factors but low burden of heart disease in urban African primary care patients: A fundamental role for primary prevention

“…The combination of diagnosed diabetes and elevated blood glucose levels in our cohort suggests that diabetes might affect 5-10% of cases. One notable study worthy of comparison is the Hi Hi Study of 403 Africans being managed by primary care services in Cape Town [26]. Renal impairment was found in around one in four cases whilst ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and/or ischaemic S-T segment changes were found in 35% and 49% of cases, respectively.…”

The clinical consequences and challenges of hypertension in urban-dwelling black Africans: Insights from the Heart of Soweto Study

“…However, we did determine around two thirds of patients had a combination of moderate to severe (24%) or mild (41%) renal dysfunction most probably attributable to their underlying HT status. The challenge of adequately controlling BP and other risk factors in this setting, has been highlighted by the recently reported HiHi study of hypertensive black Africans in Cape Town townships [24].…”