Determinants of the Egyptian Labour Migration

Kandil, Magda; Metwally, Mohammed

doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.1992.tb00675.x

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…With the "Open door" policy in the 1970s and many employment opportunities opening up in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates following the oil boom, the number of migrants both skilled and unskilled surged with a peak in migration reached in 1979 (Kandil and Metwally, 1992). According to Taylor (1984), the new migrants were no longer the very poor who used to migrate to Libya given that migration costs to the Gulf and other Arab countries were much higher.…”

Section: Egyptian Migration Since the Mid-1950smentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Until the early 1970s migration was strongly controlled by the government and encompassed mainly professionals and higher-ranking administrators (Taylor, 1984;Kandil and Metwally, 1992). This form of migration dropped after Egypt's peace agreement with Israel in the late 1970s.…”

Section: Egyptian Migration Since the Mid-1950smentioning

confidence: 97%

“…By 2006, this share had declined to 4.7% (ERF, 2006). Nevertheless, given Egypt's continued population growth, this corresponds to an estimated 3.8 million Egyptians who lived in a migrant household in 2005-06. Besides the fact that migration has been almost exclusively confined to men, one important characteristic of Egyptian migration to other Arab countries has been its temporary nature-often just for a couple of years-due to the legal environment in these countries (Kandil and Metwally, 1992;Bauer and Gang, 2002).…”

Section: Egyptian Migration Since the Mid-1950smentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Egyptian men working abroad: Labour supply responses by the women left behind

2011

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Section: Egyptian Migration Since the Mid-1950smentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Egyptian Migration Since the Mid-1950smentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Egyptian Migration Since the Mid-1950smentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Egyptian men working abroad: Labour supply responses by the women left behind

2011

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“…The literature on the economic impact of labor migration in the Arab countries in general and in Jordan in particular is summarized below. Among those who examined the impact of labor migration are The Arab Labor Organization (ALO, 2004), Kandil and Metwally (1992), Glytsos (2002), Zaghloul (1984), Share (1988), Talafha (1990), and Share (1991). In an analytical paper, ALO (2004) presented the possible economic, social, and political impact of labor migration on both exporting and importing countries.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the social impact of labor migration, it leads to imbalances in the demographic structure in both exporting and importing countries. Kandil and Metwally (1992) investigated the determinants of Egyptian labor migration to neighboring Arab oil-producing countries. They found that wage differential between Egypt and the importing countries is among the pull factors, while density of population and high inflation rate in Egypt are among the push factors.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic impact of inbound and outbound labor migration: the case of Jordan (1970‐2006)

Magableh

Athamneh

Al-Mahrouq

2010

International Journal of Development Issues

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of inbound and outbound labor migration on the Jordanian economy. Design/methodology/approach -Using a qualitative analysis subsidized by two econometric models, foreign labor and their remittances and the Jordanian labor abroad and their remittances are examined for their impact on main macroeconomic indicators. Findings -The characteristics of foreign labor and the Jordanian labor abroad, in terms of skills and qualifications are completely different. Productivity of a local worker is found to be higher than of a foreign worker. Thus, replacement of foreign labor is highly recommended but difficult due to "shame culture". Foreign labor deepens unemployment and negatively affects economic growth through their effect on capital account, total reserve, and investment. Outbound labor migration reduced unemployment and speeds economic growth. They induce investment and increase reserves, but they also put an upward pressure on overall price and induce imported inflation. Research limitations/implications -Best utilization of these remittances can be achieved if they are mainly used for production rather than for consumption purposes. Remittances of foreign labor must be controlled to reduce leakages of the foreign currencies. Scheduled decrease in demand for foreign labor in Jordan is a must. But it must be accompanied by getting rid of the non-reasonable "shame culture", encouraging entrepreneurship, and enhancing quality of jobs. Originality/value -The paper provides decision and policy makers with informative analysis of the net impact inbound and outbound labor migration. This analysis helps in drafting labor policies and regulations. The households sector is a key player for the success of these policies.

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