Determinants of undernutrition among primary school children residing in slum areas of a Nigerian city

Ndukwu, C.I.; Egbuonu, Ifeoma; To, Ulasi; Ebenebe, Joy C.

doi:10.4103/1119-3077.110142

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…It is because health friendly measurement is more likely to be adopted by educated mothers and so better nourished children's mothers had better health friendly attitude. Moreover, literate mothers are also better able to manage meager resources to provide essentials and thus having healthier child [27]. This finding is similar to other studies on childhood malnutrition, which showed prevalence of malnutrition was influenced by maternal formal education.…”

Section: Significance Levelsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition among School Age Slum Children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Yeasmin¹,

Islam²

2016

Journal of Nutrition and Health Sciences

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Section: Significance Levelsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition among School Age Slum Children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Yeasmin¹,

Islam²

2016

Journal of Nutrition and Health Sciences

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“…On the contrary, several studies have reported that socioeconomic status is a strong predictor of both nutritional status (Brooks-Gunn and Duncan, 1997;Ndukwu et al, 2013) and outcomes in children (Bradley and Corwyn, 2002;Santos et al, 2008). The lack of an association between household wealth and child outcomes is not without precedence; an earlier study among infants living within the same context (Abubakar et al, 2008) has reported similar findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…Mendez and Adair (1999) found that children who started school at earlier ages (5 or 6 years) were substantially taller than children who started school later (7 or 8 years) so it may be that better-off children enrol in school at earlier ages. And although children in low income settings may all suffer the effects of deprivation, those from the least wealthy households in low income settings are more likely to be malnourished (Sigman et al, 1989;Brooks-Gunn and Duncan, 1997;Bradley and Corwyn, 2002;Abubakar et al, 2008;Ndukwu et al, 2013). Rural residence (Hautvast et al, 2000;Nabag, 2011) and a reduced likelihood of attending school (Ivanovic et al, 2012) have also been related to poor nutritional status.…”

Section: Human Neurosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns in Pregnancy and Effects on Nutrient Intake in the Mid-South: The Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) Study

Kitsao-Wekulo¹,

Holding²,

Taylor³

et al. 2015

Prenatal and Childhood Nutrition

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Adequate nutrition is fundamental to the development of a child's full potential. However, the extent to which malnutrition affects developmental and cognitive outcomes in the midst of co-occurring risk factors remains largely understudied. We sought to establish if the effects of nutritional status varied according to diverse background characteristics as well as to compare the relative strength of the effects of poor nutritional status on language skills, motor abilities, and cognitive functioning at school age. This cross-sectional study was conducted among school-age boys and girls resident in Kilifi District in Kenya. We hypothesized that the effects of area of residence, school attendance, household wealth, age and gender on child outcomes are experienced directly and indirectly through child nutritional status. The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) allowed the disaggregation of the total effect of the explanatory variables into direct effects (effects that go directly from one variable to another) and indirect effects. Each of the models tested for the four child outcomes had a good fit. However, the effects on verbal memory apart from being weaker than for the other outcomes, were not mediated through nutritional status. School attendance was the most influential predictor of nutritional status and child outcomes. The estimated models demonstrated the continued importance of child nutritional status at school-age.Keywords: nutritional status, school-age children, structural equation modeling, direct and indirect effects, co-occurring risk factors, cognitive outcomes INTRODUCTIONWhile the literature provides evidence that the negative effects of early malnutrition persist to school-age (Pollitt et al., 1996), there are several significant knowledge gaps. First, despite evidence that the impact of nutrition varies across different neurocognitive domains, there have been few studies investigating this area, especially in middle childhood. And yet at school age, children are exposed to more differential experiences and acquire more sophisticated abilities across various cognitive domains (Fischer and Bullock, 1984). Second, there is a complex inter-related relationship between poverty, nutritional status and neurocognitive outcomes. Not only do the constraints of low income in deprived settings create practical barriers to good nutrition; additional socio-environmental factors reinforce the effects of this deprivation (Engle and Black, 2008). Poor nutritional status at this age may have long-term negative consequences and restrict development of a child's full potential. This is therefore a critical period for investigating the link between malnutrition and developmental outcomes, especially within a multiple risk context.In many developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, linear growth retardation, or stunting, a manifestation of chronic protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), is highly prevalent, with rates as high as 38% (de Onis et al., 2012). Various individual and environmental variabl...

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“…Previous study by authors among primary school children in Nigerian city projected a highly significant association between slum children and malnutrition [26]. Another previous study by authors predicted a significant correlation between area of inhabitation of children (ruralurban) and undernourishment of children [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Assessing Stunting and Predisposing Factors Among Children

Gupta

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: The present study was aimed at "assessing stunting and predisposing factors among children."Methods: Prospective, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted comprising children between 2 years and below 5 years age group in the city Fazilka in Punjab, India. Random, two-stage cluster sampling method was adopted. Direct observation and interview methods were used to assess physical appearance, demographic characteristics, habit of soil eating, and episodes of diarrhea (diarrheal episodes 2 weeks before investigation). Inspection method was used to assess nail beds of children to ascertain pallor.Results: Prospective, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted comprising children between 2 years and below 5 years age group in the city Fazilka in Punjab, India. Study population was made up of total 440 children which were differentiated into 240/440, 127/440, and 73/440 children representing about 54.5%, 28.9%, and 16.6% of proportions from schools, child care, and slums, respectively. Children 55/240, 36/127, and 35/73 from schools, childcare centers, and slums suffered from stunting which amounted to about 23%, 28%, and 48% prevalence of stunting in school, childcare center, and slum children. Gender-wise characterization of study population depicted boys (260/440) and girls (180/440) with a proportion of 59% boys and 41% girls. Among the participants, about 20.5% (90/440) and 79.5% (350/440) of children belonged to illiterate and literate parents. The odds for stunting were nearly 1.6 times higher among anemic children in comparison to children in non-anemic group represented by odds 0.575 and 0.348 in former and latter groups of children with odds ratio (OR=1.65). Children (n=41) out of total children (n=80) those belonged to income (<2000 INR) per month in family, were stunted and contributed to 51% prevalence of stunting. Another group of children (n=85/360) who belonged to income (>2000 INR) per month in family, suffered from 23.6% prevalence of stunting.Conclusion: National policies should be reformed to generate employment, Maintain minimum support price for Agricultural products, Sustain food security and contribute and promote community sanitation and hygiene.

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Determinants of undernutrition among primary school children residing in slum areas of a Nigerian city

Abstract: This study highlights the need for an effective nutrition program targeted at school children in urban slums surrounded by factors predisposing them to undernutrition.

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition among School Age Slum Children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition among School Age Slum Children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Dietary Patterns in Pregnancy and Effects on Nutrient Intake in the Mid-South: The Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) Study

Assessing Stunting and Predisposing Factors Among Children

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