Determinants of Unsupervised Medical Termination of Pregnancy Pill Usage Among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study From North India

Abstract

Background Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) pills, primarily comprising mifepristone and misoprostol, have proven highly effective and safe under medical supervision. However, unsupervised MTP pill use is on the rise, posing serious health risks. Unsafe abortions remain a global public health concern, with a high incidence in developing countries like India. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at a tertiary healthcare center in India from February to April 2023. We enrolled 150 women with a history of unsupervised MTP pill use. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including demographic information, awareness, sources of information, reasons for self-medication, and knowledge of complications. Results The majority of participants (50%) were aged 25-29 years. Low-income women (<3000pc) constituted 46.66% of the sample. Husbands played a significant role in advocating MTP pill use (57.33%). Ninety percent of pills were obtained directly from pharmacies. Shockingly, 97.3% of women were unaware of MTP pill complications, and 84% did not follow the recommended regimen. Significant associations were found between income, religion, education, age, parity, and reasons for self-medication, as well as recommendations for MTP pill use. Conclusion Our study revealed a diverse demographic of women seeking unsupervised MTP pill intake. Low-income women were disproportionately affected, emphasizing the need for improved healthcare access and education. Husbands played a crucial role in advocating MTP pill use, highlighting the importance of including men in reproductive health discussions. Lack of awareness and non-adherence to recommended regimens posed substantial risks. To combat unsafe abortions, a multifaceted approach is needed. Reproductive health education, regulatory measures, improved healthcare accessibility, and tailored interventions are essential.