Determinants of vaccination dropout among children 12-23 months age in north Gondar zone, northwest Ethiopia, 2019

Abstract

Background Vaccination is a proven tool in preventing and eradicating childhood infectious diseases. Each year, vaccination averts an estimated 2–3 million deaths from vaccine preventable diseases. Even though immunization coverage is increasing globally, many children in developing countries still dropout vaccination. The objective of this study was to identify determinants of vaccination dropout among children age 12–23 months in North Gondar, North west Ethiopia. Methods Community based unmatched case-control study was conducted in north Gondar from March 1–27, 2019 among 366 children age 12–23 months (92 cases and 274 controls). Multistage sampling was used for reaching to the community. Data were collected from mothers who had 12–23 months age children using a pretested structured face to face interview. Data were entered using Epi info v. 7 and exported to SPSS v. 20 for analysis. On multivariable logistic regression variables with P-value <0.05 at 95% CI were considered statistically significant. Result Counseling for mothers about vaccination (AOR = 7.2, 95% CI: (2.93–17.5)); fear of vaccine side effects (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: (1.56–8.12)); PNC attended (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: (1.52–8.39)) and mothers not received tetanus toxoid vaccination (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: (1.03–5.35)) were found risk factors of vaccination dropout. Conclusion Counseling on vaccination, fear of vaccine side effects, PNC attended and mothers’ tetanus toxoid vaccination status during ANC visit were found risk factors. Management bodies and health workers need to consider “reaching every community” approach, Counsel every mother at any opportunity, and provide TT vaccination for all pregnant mothers helps to reduce vaccination dropout among children.

Determinants of pentavalent and measles vaccination dropouts among children aged 12–23 months in The Gambia

“…Immunization dropout signifies that the child has received the first recommended dose of the vaccine and yet has missed the next recommended dose [ 7 ]. Studies have reported on the various characteristics that influence childhood immunization dropout [ 7 – 10 ].…”

“…Immunization dropout signifies that the child has received the first recommended dose of the vaccine and yet has missed the next recommended dose [ 7 ]. Studies have reported on the various characteristics that influence childhood immunization dropout [ 7 – 10 ]. For example, in Ethiopia, it was reported that counseling for mothers about vaccination; fear of vaccine side effects; postnatal care (PNC) attendance, and having a mother who did not receive tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination were independent factors of vaccination dropout [ 7 ].…”

“…Studies have reported on the various characteristics that influence childhood immunization dropout [ 7 – 10 ]. For example, in Ethiopia, it was reported that counseling for mothers about vaccination; fear of vaccine side effects; postnatal care (PNC) attendance, and having a mother who did not receive tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination were independent factors of vaccination dropout [ 7 ]. In Nepal, mothers with less than 4 or no antenatal care (ANC) visits, long distances to the health facilities, province, and mother without formal employment were reported to be factors associated with vaccination dropout [ 8 ].…”

Bayesian Analysis of Predictors of Incomplete Vaccination against Polio among Children Aged 12–23 Months in Ethiopia

“…Polio vaccination status was the outcome variable. Considering the WHO protocol, incomplete vaccination can be defined as children who missed at least one dose of the four vaccines between 12 and 23 months [5,6]. Polio vaccination was captured as a dichotomous variable and coded as 1 if a child aged between 12 and 23 months has missed at least one dose of the four basic doses of oral polio vaccine (polio 0 at birth, polio 1 at 6 weeks, polio 2 at 10 weeks, and polio 3 at 14 weeks) and 0 if otherwise [7,[17][18][19].…”

“…Each year, approximately twenty million children fail to take all recommended vaccines, and almost two-thirds of these children come from just ten countries, including Ethiopia [4,5]. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidelines, children are considered as fully vaccinated against polio when they have received all recommended vaccination doses by the age of 12-23 months [6][7][8]. Poliovirus cases had reduced by over 99% since 1988, from a projected 350,000 cases in more than 125 endemic countries to 179 described cases in two countries in 2019 [9].…”