Determinants of Violence Against Children in Indonesia: A Literature Review

Abstract

Violence against children is a public health issue that has implications on a child's health and well-being throughout their lifetime. To prevent violence, it is important to understand the factors associated with violence against children. This literature review aims to determine these factors in Indonesia. A total of 1,025 articles published between 2018-2022 were screened from Garuda, Google Scholar, and DOAJ databases. After applying specific criteria and objectives, 16 articles were selected for this review. This review highlights that there are individual, interpersonal, community, and institutional factors that contribute to violence against children. The individual factors that contribute to violence against children include children's knowledge and attitudes, while interpersonal factors such as parental characteristics and the quality of parent-child relationships. Parental characteristics including education, occupation, socio-economic status, and knowledge, as well as the parent-child relationship in terms of parenting and family environment. Community factor is described through the influence of social media. Institutional factors in schools include the traditional bullying practices, the lack of standard operating procedures, and the social environment. It is essential to consider these factors when developing strategies to prevent violence against children in Indonesia.