Determinants of Vitamin D Status in Caucasian Adults: Influence of Sun Exposure, Dietary Intake, Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, Anthropometric, and Genetic Factors

Abstract

Very few studies have investigated the determinants of serum vitamin D levels using a set of variables that include simultaneously sun exposure, phototype, dietary intake, sociodemographics, anthropometric, lifestyle data, and genetic polymorphisms. Our objective was to investigate the associations between all these parameters and vitamin D status in a large sample of French adults. This cross-sectional survey was based on 1,828 middle-aged Caucasian adults from the SU.VI.MAX (SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants) study. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration was lower among women (P<0.0001), older subjects (P=0.04), obese/underweight (P<0.0001), those living at higher latitudes (P<0.0001), those whose blood draw occurred in early spring (P<0.0001), less physically active (P<0.0001), with low sun exposure (P<0.0001), and with no-to-low alcohol intake (P=0.0001). Mutant GC rs4588 and rs7041 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with lower and higher 25OHD concentrations, respectively (P<0.0001). Dietary intake was not a major determinant of vitamin D status (P=0.7). This study provides an overall picture of determinants of vitamin D status. Several modifiable factors were identified, such as daily-life moderate sun exposure, physical activity, and normal-weight maintenance, which should be targeted by public health policies in order to improve vitamin D status in the general population, while avoiding active/intensive sun exposure, in line with recommendations for skin cancer prevention.

Prevalence, determinants and clinical correlates of vitamin D deficiency in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in London, UK

“…Genetic analyses were adjusted for all putative environmental determinants of serum 25(OH)D concentration investigated (for 15 SNP previously found to associate with vitamin D status), or clinical correlates of COPD severity (for 35 SNP previously found to associate with vitamin D status and/or non-skeletal disease outcomes). Multiple comparison testing was then applied using the Benjamini & Hochberg method with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 5% (16). All environmental and genetic independent variables were classified as categorical variables.…”

“…However the determinants of vitamin D deficiency in COPD patients, and the clinical correlates of disease severity are not well defined: raised neutrophil and eosinophil counts and increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators secreted by these cells have been identified in the lower airways during COPD exacerbation (12)(13)(14), but to our knowledge, there are no previous cross-sectional investigations of serum 25(OH)D concentration and differential white cell counts in induced sputum in patients with COPD. Furthermore, environmental and genetic factors which have been shown to influence vitamin D status in healthy populations (15,16) have not yet been well characterised in COPD patients, nor have genetic factors which may associate with clinical markers of COPD severity.…”

Risk Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency among Women Office Workers

“…햇빛 노출을 통해 혈중 비타민 D를 적정 상태로 유 지하기 위해서는 적절한 햇빛노출이 필요하지만 (Holick et al, 2011), 햇빛 노출량은 거주지역의 위도, 피부 색에 따라 달라질 수 있어 비타민 D 합성을 위한 적정 햇빛노출시간은 국가와 인종에 따라 다르게 권장되고 있다 (Daly et al, 2012;Touvier et al, 2015).…”

“…비해 야외활동이 상대적으로 적은 여성에서 높은 비율을 보인다 (Choi, 2012;Lee et al, 2014;Shinkov et al, 2015;Touvier et al, 2015;Ward, Berry, Power, & Hypponen, 2011). (Brock et al, 2013;Guo et al, 2014 (Choi, 2012;Daly et al, 2012;Robien et al, 2013).…”

“…또한 비만할 경우 혈 중 비타민 D가 지방조직으로 격리되어지기 때문에 정 상인에 비해 많은 섭취량이 요구된다 (Holick et al, 2011). 흡연과 음주는 비타민 D의 대사에 부정적 영 향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있으며 (Kim & Lee, 2015;Lee, 2012;Touvier et al, 2015;Shinkov et al, 2015), 신체활동량이 많을수록 비타민 D의 혈중 농도가 높아지는 것으로 보고되고 있다 Touvier et al, 2015). 근로자의 경우 하루 중 많은 시간을 직장에서 보내기 때문에 직업의 종류 와 근무형태가 건강에 영향에 미치며 (Jung, Kim, Suk, & Hwang, 2014;Yun, Ham, Cho, & Lim, 2012), 혈중 비타민 D 또한 이에 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다 (Jeong et al, 2014;Ward et al, 2011).…”